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Phonetics > Phonetics Modules & Notes > Flashcards

Phonetics Modules & Notes Flashcards

1
Q

all glides & liquids are ____

A

voiced

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2
Q

there are _____ graphemes and _____ phonemes in American English

A

26 42

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3
Q

the science of speech, how it is produced and percieved

A

phonetics

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4
Q

rules that govern how speech sounds can be strung together meaningfully

A

language

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5
Q

pattern of movements of the speech organs and a pattern of acoustic vibrations

A

speech

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6
Q

Name the 3 primary acoustic dimensions

A

frequency
duration
amplitude

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7
Q

amplitude & intensity =

A

loudness

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8
Q

the smallest sound/unit of a word that differentiates meaning

A

phoneme

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9
Q

words that differ by only one phoneme/sound (DO NOT have to rhyme)
ex. sip, tip, ship
CVC, VC

A

minimal pairs

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10
Q

different letter sequences that represent the same sound
ex. cake, survey, grey

A

allographs

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11
Q

sound change is fickle/individualistic; surrounding sounds do not affect or influence
ex. in dialects

A

free variation

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12
Q

transcribing basic sounds present in a language AKA phonemic transcription (virgules / /)

A

broad transcription

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13
Q

use of diacritics w/ IPA symbols (brackets [])

A

narrow transcription

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14
Q

3 types of true consonants

A

stops
fricatives
affricates

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15
Q

gliding of 2 vowels together; similar to a diphthong but shorter in duration
ex. will, you

A

glides

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16
Q

airstream flows thro sides of the tongue as tongue tip makes closure at center of the alveolar ridge
ex. low, row

A

liquids

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17
Q

ə tends to be ____

A

unstressed

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18
Q

ʌ tends to be ____ ; found in monosyllabic words

A

stressed

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19
Q

produced by articulating 2 vowels as one phoneme

A

diphthongs

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20
Q

accidental, involuntary speech erros

A

spoonerisms

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21
Q

system that provides E for making a sound

A

respiratory system

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22
Q

system that is the primary source of sound

A

laryngeal

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23
Q

system where sounds are shaped into meaningful phonemes

A

articulatory

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24
Q

these control expiration

A

internal intercostals

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25
Q

these control inspiration

A

external intercostals

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26
Q

VFs are able to blow apart due to elastic nature

A

Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation

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27
Q

when there is a drop in air P due to VFs coming apart, VFs come back together due to________________

A

bernoulli’s effect

28
Q

name the 4 active articulators

A

lips
tongue
jaw
velum

29
Q

name the 2 passive articulators

A

teeth
hard palate

30
Q

articulators prepare to articulate a phoneme well before an earlier phoneme is fully articulated

A

coarticulation

31
Q

____ are produced w/ minimal obstruction to the airstream

A

vowels

32
Q

only ____ vowels are rounded

A

back

33
Q

all AE vowels are…

A

voiced

34
Q

name 4 ways to identify a vowel

A

tongue height
tongue placement
tenseness
roundedness

35
Q

vowels where velopharyngeal port is open, velum is relaxed

A

nasal

36
Q

____ vowels have an r-color to them. When producing these, your tongue bunches up as if forming /ɹ/ sound

A

rhotic

37
Q

where tongue is first placed and glide begins

A

onglide

38
Q

where tongue ends up and where the glide ends

A

offglide

39
Q

for a vowel to be produced…

A

sound is produced at glottis
sound is filtered thro vocal tract resonator
sound passes thro lips into medium

40
Q

breaking up a sound into frequency components and their amplitudes
analyzes the acoustic properties of a sound wave

A

spectral analysis

41
Q

if vowel is high, F1 is_____

A

low

42
Q

if vowel is front, F2 is _____

A

high

43
Q

amplification of frequencies that match
vocal tract frequencies

A

resonance frequency

44
Q

image where amplitude can be observed as dark bands of E called formants

A

spectrogram

45
Q

repetitive cycle of VF abduction and adduction to create periodic sound

A

glottal source spectrum

46
Q

multiple integers of the fundamental frequency

A

harmonics

47
Q

the lowest harmonic/frequency is the ____

A

fundamental frequency

48
Q

amplification of sound of certain frequencies w/ the shape of the oral vocal tract

A

resonance

49
Q

spaces b/w harmonics. Smaller when FF is low and vice versa

A

inter-harmonic spaces

50
Q

harmonics are also known as ______

A

periodic

51
Q

larger the interharmonic space, the …..

A

louder the pitch

52
Q

F0 =

A

fundamental frequency

53
Q

who has more interharmonic spacing?

A

women

54
Q

how does fundamental frequency influence harmonics?

A

harmonics are integers of FF

55
Q

how does FF influence harmonic structure?

A

the lower the FF, the more harmonics there will be

56
Q

What is the source spectrum?

A

FF is the lowest frequency/pitch
has harmonic structure
the highest amplitude decays by -12dB per octave

57
Q

what do we use to add quality to voice?

A

vocal tract resonator

58
Q

give an example of encountering Bernoulli’s effect IRL

A

when you blow between 2 pieces of paper held next to each other, the papers will come together due to an unequal distribution of air pressure between and outside of the paper. This mimics the VFs blowing apart and coming together

59
Q

difference between spectrum and spectrogram

A

spectrum is frequency x amplitude, one moment in time
spectrogram is frequency x time, as long as you want

60
Q

study of frequency, duration, and amplitude of speech sounds

A

acoustic phonetics

61
Q

branch of phonetics that studies how humans discriminate the different speech sounds that a speaker produces

A

perceptual phonetics

62
Q

the study of how speech sounds are organized in a language to create meaningful words

A

phonology

63
Q

the science of speech, how it is produced and perceived

A

phonetics

64
Q

_____ tell us the specific sound that is being produced based on size and shape of the vocal tract

A

vowel formants

65
Q

each medium has its own….

A

radiation characterisitics

66
Q

F1

A

tongue height

67
Q

F2

A

tongue advancement

Phonetics (3 decks)

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