Phonetics - IPA

Question 1

Voiceless Diacritic

Answer 1

[ ̥ ] - a voiced sound is produced with a voiceless quality

Question 2

Aspirated Diacritic

Answer 2

[ ʰ ] - a plosive is released with aspiration

Question 3

Rhoticized Diacritic

Answer 3

[ ˞ ] - A vowel produced with rhotic quality

Question 4

Palatalized Diacritic

Answer 4

[ ʲ ] - a consonant produced with palatalization through the raising of the front of the tongue towards the hard palate

Question 5

Nasalized Diacritic

Answer 5

[ ̃] - A vowel is produced with a nasal quality through the lowering of the soft palate

Question 6

Unreleased Diacritic

Answer 6

[ ̚ ] - A plosive is not fully released

Question 7

[ ̪ ] - Dentalized

Answer 7

A non-dental consonant is produced with dentalization by touching the tongue tip to the teeth

Question 8

Syllabic Diacritic

Answer 8

[ ̩ ] - A consonant produced as a syllable nucleus

Question 9

Velarization Diacritic

Answer 9

[ ̴ ] - Raising the back of the tongue towards the velum

A velarized /l/ is called a dark l, occurs in English at the end of the syllable.

when /l/ occurs at the beginning of the syllable it is a light l and is not velarized

Question 10

____ are aspirated when at the beginning of a stressed syllable

Answer 10

voiceless stops /p, t, k/

“pie” /pa͡͡͡ɪ/ -> [pha͡͡͡ɪ] But not: “spy” /spa͡͡͡ɪ/ -> [spa͡͡͡ɪ]

Question 11

____ are unaspirated after /s/ at the beginning of syllables

Answer 11

voiceless stops /p,t,k/

“spy” /spa͡͡͡ɪ/ -> [sp=a͡͡͡ɪ]

Question 12

_____ are not released when they occur before other plosives

Answer 12

plosives /p,b,t,d,k,g/

“cupcake” /kʌpke͡͡͡ɪk/ -> [kʌp˺ke͡͡͡ɪk]

Question 13

Optional Rule: ___ may be unreleased at the end of a word

Answer 13

plosives

“cup” /kʌp/ -> [kʌp˺]

Question 14

___ are produced as alveolar flaps when they occur between a stressed vowel and an unstressed syllable

Answer 14

alveolar plosives /t,d/

“butter” /bʌtɚ/ -> [bʌɾɚ]

But not: “sister” /sɪstɚ/ -> [sɪstɚ]

Question 15

____ becomes a glottal stop when before a syllabic nasal

Answer 15

voiceless alveolar plosive /t/

“mitten” /mɪtn̩/ -> [mɪʔn̩]

“cattle” /kætl̩ / -> [kæɾl̩]

Question 16

____ become syllabic when at the end of a word and after an obstruent

Answer 16

nasals /m,n/

“sudden” /sʌdn/ -> [sʌdn̩]

Question 17

____ becomes syllabic when at the end of a word and after a consonant

Answer 17

lateral liquid /l/

“puddle” /pʌdl/ -> [ pʌdl̩ ]

Question 18

____ become dentalized when before dental consonants

Answer 18

alveolar consonants /t,d,n,l,s,z/

“width” /wɪdθ/ -> [wɪd̪θ]

Question 19

____ are partially devoiced when syllable final, except when followed by a voiced sound

Answer 19

voiced obstruents /b,d,g,v,ð,z,ʒ,d͡ʒ/

“move” /muv/ -> [muv̥]

but not: “move on” /muv ɔn/ -> [muv ɔn]

Question 20

____ are partially devoiced in syllable initial position except when preceded by a voiced sound

Answer 20

voiced plosives /b,d,g/

“boy” /bɔ͡͡͡ɪ/ -> [b̥ɔ͡͡͡ɪ]
But not: “a boy” /ə bɔ͡ɪ/ -> [ə bɔ͡ɪ]

Question 21

____ are devoiced when they occur after aspirated plosives

Answer 21

approximants /l,ɹ,w,j/

“play” /ple͡͡͡ɪ/ -> [pʰl̥e͡͡͡ɪ]
But not: “blue” /blu/ -> [blu]

Question 22

____ is velarized when it comes after a vowel and (at the end of the word or before a consonant)

Answer 22

lateral /l/

ball” /bɔl/ -> [bɔɫ]
But not: “follow” /fɑlo/ -> [fɑlo]

Question 23

____ are preceded by a glottal stop when after a vowel and at the end of a syllable

Answer 23

voiceless stops /p,t,k/

“pick” /pɪk/ -> [pɪʔk]

Question 24

____ are longer when they are at the end of a phrase

Answer 24

Consonants

“There goes the bus [bʌsː]”, but “The bus [bʌs] is yellow.”

Question 25

_____ are longer at the end of a syllable

Answer 25

voiceless consonants

“bus” /bʌs/  [bʌsː], but not “sun” /sʌn/  [sʌn]

Question 26

______ are nasalized when they come before nasal consonants

Answer 26

vowels

“can” /kæn/ -> [kæ̃n]
But not: “cab” /kæb/ -> [kæb]

Question 27

____ are retracted when they are followed by a syllable-final /l/ (velarized /l/)

Answer 27

front vowels

“peel” /pil/ -> [pi̱ɫ]

Question 28

____ are longer before voiced consonants than they are before voiceless consonants

Answer 28

vowels

“bad” /bæd/ -> [bæːd]

Question 29

_____ are longer in open syllables than in closed syllables

Answer 29

vowels

“see” /si/ -> [siː]
But not: “seat” /sit/ -> [sit]

Question 30

___ are longer in stressed syllables than in unstressed syllables

Answer 30

vowels

“speedy” /ˈspiˌdi/ -> [ˈspiːˌɾi]