Neuroanatomy - Basic Concepts / Brain

Question 1

5 parts of the CNS and structures in them

Answer 1

1) Telencephalon: Cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles

2) Diencephalon: Thalamus, third ventricle

3) Mesencephalon: midbrain, cerebral aqueduct

4) Metencephalon: pons, cerebellum, fourth ventricle

5) Myelencephalon: medulla, fourth ventricle

Question 2

Medial (body)

Answer 2

Close to midsaggital plane

Question 3

Lateral (body)

Answer 3

away from midsaggital plane

Question 4

Proximal (body)

Answer 4

closer to point of origin

Question 5

Distal (body)

Answer 5

far from point of origin

Question 6

Rostral / cranial (body)

Answer 6

closer to the head

Question 7

Caudal (body)

Answer 7

closer to the tail

Question 8

Anterior (body)

Answer 8

front/ventral of the body

Question 9

Posterior (body)

Answer 9

back / dorsal of the body

Question 10

Dorsal (body)

Answer 10

back end

Question 11

Ventral (body)

Answer 11

chest end

Question 12

Rostral/anterior (brain)

Answer 12

front of the brain

Question 13

Dorsal/superior (brain)

Answer 13

top of the brain

Question 14

Ventral / inferior (brain)

Answer 14

bottom of the brain

Question 15

Caudal/Posterior (brain)

Answer 15

back of the brain

Question 16

3 planes in the brain

Answer 16

1) frontal/coronal: front / back halves

2) Saggital: left / right sides

3) Transverse/horizontal: top and bottom halves

Question 17

Precentral gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 17

primary motor cortex

Brodmann: 4

Function: movement of body

Question 18

postcentral gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 18

primary somatosensory cortex

brodmann: 1,2,3

function: input of touch

Question 19

superior parietal lobe

Answer 19

somatosensory association cortex

brodmann: 5,7

function: integration of touch

Question 20

superior frontal gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 20

frontal eye fields

brodmann: 9

function: smooth movements of the eyes

Question 21

superior/middle frontal gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 21

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

brodmann: 9, 46

function: motor planning

Question 22

middle frontal gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 22

anterior prefrontal cortex

brodmann: 10

function: higher cognition

Question 23

Occipital Lobe (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 23

primary and association visual cortices

brodmann: 17, 18, 19

function: vision

Question 24

Superior Temporal Gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 24

primary and association auditory cortices

Brodmann: 41, 42

Function: hearing

Question 25

posterior superior temporal gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 25

Wernicke’s area

bromann: 22

function: understanding language

Question 26

Supramarginal gyrus ( brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 26

brodmann: 40

function: language perception

Question 27

Angular gyrus (brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 27

brodmann: 39

function: language, math, cognition

Question 28

Pars triangularis (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 28

Broca’s area

brodmann: 44, 45

function: formation of language

Question 29

Corpus Callosum( (general function)

Answer 29

Function Connect Hemispheres

Question 30

Inferior central gyrus (functional name/ brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 30

orbitofrontal cortex

Brodmann: 11

Function: planning and decision making

Question 31

parahippocampal gyrus (brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 31

brodmann: 35

function: memory

Question 32

Anterior cingulate cortex (brodmann’s area / general function)

Answer 32

brodmann: 24, 33, 32

function: empathy and emotion