Phonetics and Phonology Flashcards
Phonetics
The objective study and description of human speech sounds e.g how they are produced, transmitted and received.
Phonology
The abstract study of how sounds function in a specific language to create meaning
Accent
The manner in which people speak and the way words are pronounced in different parts of the world
Dialect
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, grammar and pronunciation.
Homograph
A word written the same way as another word but having a different meaning. Can also have the same spelling but different sound.
‘Read’ can rhyme with ‘head, bed’ or ‘feed seed’.
‘Bow’ can rhyme with ‘now, cow’ or, ‘no low’.
‘Tear’ can rhyme with ‘fear here’ or ‘fare, care’.
‘chael’ can be Michael or Rachael.
Homophone
A word that has the same sound but a different meaning as another word. Can also have different spelling but sound the same
Blue and blew
Rain and reign
Meet and meat
To, two and too
Where and wear
Pore, pour, paw and poor
Places of Articulation
Bilabial, Labiodental, Dental/Alveolar/Postalveolar, Palatal, Velar, Uvular, Glottal
Manners of Articulation
Plosive/Stops, Nasals, Trills, Taps, Fricatives, Affricate, Approximants
Voiced
Referring to consonants, such as b, d, and v, that cause vibration of the vocal folds when sounded
Voiceless
Referring to consonants, such as p, t, and f, that do not cause vibration of the vocal folds when sounded
Vowel
No obstruction in the vocal tract when pronouncing them
Consonant
Obstruction in the vocal tract when pronouncing them
Diphthong
The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds.
Speech
Defined as modified breathing. Air flows through the lungs, through the vocal tract, and out of the mouth and nose. It is modified along the way by articulators
Orthography
Study of letters and how they form words
Minimal Pair
Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position which creates differed meaning e.g bit/pit bit/bin
Active Articulator
The part of the vocal tract which moves in order to form a constriction such as the tongue.
Passive Articulator
Structures that do not or cannot move during production of speech sounds (upper lip, front teeth, hard palate, velum)
Bilabial Stop
A sound which stops at your lips e.g P (voiceless), B (voiced)
Alveolar Stop
Made when the tongue comes into contact with the alveolar ridge e.g T (voiceless) D (voiced)
Velar Stop
Made when the back of tongue comes into contact with the soft palate e.g K (voiceless), G (voiced)
Labiodental
Produced with teeth and lips e.g /f/
Dental
When the top of the tongue touches the upper teeth e.g ‘th’
Postalveolar
Sound made with your tongue behind the alveolar ridge /sh/