Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Linguistics > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Morphology

A

Morphology is the creation of new words and the modification of existing words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mental Lexicon

A

We all have our own mental dictionary containing words that we can produce, or at least understand when we hear them. We also have word formation rules which allow us to create new words and to understand new words when we encounter them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Noun

A

A person, place, thing or idea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adjective

A

Describes and modifies the meaning of a noun or a pronoun. An adjective may describe or limit a noun or pronoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Verb

A

An action, state of being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pronoun

A

A word that takes the place of a noun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverb

A

Used to modify or limit the meaning of a verb, adjective or another adverb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Preposition

A

A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Determiner

A

Placed in front of a noun to specify quantity or to clarify what the noun refers to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conjunction

A

Words that join other words or a group of words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interjection

A

Word which expresses strong emotion. Can be followed by a comma or an exclamation point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Word

A

Stretch of letters that occurs between blank spaces or a small piece of language that means something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of language which has its own meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simplex

A

Words consisting of one morpheme e.g dog, run.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Complex

A

Words consisting of two or more morphemes e.g dogs, tallest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tokens

A

All the running words in a text

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types

A

Unique form of a word. If a word is repeated, it is counted as one word.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lexeme

A

Words which only differ grammatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Free Morpheme

A

This is a morpheme which can occur in isolation, and it can stand alone as an independent word e.g hat, social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

Cannot occur in isolation. Is not a word form. Is not a word in its own right e.g -ity, dis, non, pre, er, ation, ist, ic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Affixes

A

Prefixes and Suffixes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prefixes

A

Affixes added before the base word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Suffixes

A

Affixes added after the base word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Noun Forming

A

Entangle (V) - Entanglement (N)

25
Q

Verb Forming

A

Liquid (N) - Liquidize (V)

26
Q

Adverb Forming

A

Extreme (Adj) - Extremely (Adv)

27
Q

Adjective Forming

A

Break(V) - Breakable (Adj)

28
Q

Derivation

A

Creating new words from existing words e.g
Existing word - happy(adj)&raquo_space; new derived word unhappy (neg adj)
Existing word - exist (adv)&raquo_space; new derived word existingly (adv)

29
Q

Inflection

A

Give grammatical information (e.g tense plurality, gender) Retains the core meaning of the stem and it never changes grammatical word class e.g

Number - Singular and plural (both regular and irregular (book-books: mouse-mice)

Person - 1st, 2nd,3rd person (singular and plural)

Tense - Past, Present, Future

30
Q

Zero Morphs

A

A morpheme which has no physical realisation. The morpheme is present, but you can’t see or hear it (it’s invisible) e.g

The sheep is in the field (singular 1 morpheme: sheep)

The sheep are in the field (plural 2 morphemes sheep+ 1 invisible plural morph)

31
Q

Suppletion

A

Replaces a morpheme with an entirely different morpheme in order to indicate a grammatical contrast. A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other.

32
Q

Inflectional Suffixes

A

Nouns: Plural -s, es (irregular plural) Possessives (‘s)
Verbs: Past tense (-ed), 3rd Person (-s) Continuous (-ing)
Adjectives: Comparative (-er), Superlative (-est)

33
Q

Regular Inflection

A

The way we change a word’s form to reflect things like tense, plural and gender, following consistent, predicable rules.

34
Q

Irregular Inflection

A

Instance in which the way a word is inflected doesn’t seem to follow any rules or conventions at all

35
Q

Unconventional Morphology

A

When new words are created but this is not done by the addition of bound morphemes

36
Q

Conversion

A

Change of a function or part of speech (word class) without adding an affix. Typical s made from noun to verb and verb to noun. Less frequently done from adjective to verb and adjective to noun

37
Q

Affixation

A

Process of adding a morpheme—or affix—to a word to create either a different form of that word or a new word with a different meaning

38
Q

Minor Processes

A

Clipping, Blending, Back-Formation, Acronyms, Onomatopoeia and Coinage

39
Q

Coinage

A

Completely make up entirely new words. A new word is created either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation processes.

40
Q

Backinformation

A

When a new word is created by extracting affixes from another word. It is the reverse of affixation

41
Q

Clipping

A

A new word created by shortening an existing one, e.g. ‘phone’ from ‘telephone’ or ‘ad’ from ‘advertisement’

42
Q

Blending

A

Joining the beginning of one word and the end of another to make a new world with a new meaning e.g motor hotel - motel

43
Q

Acronym

A

Made up of initial letters of the constituent words and are pronounced as a single word e.g North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - NATO

44
Q

Initialism

A

Similar to Acronyms but are pronounced as a series of letters e.g Federal Bureau of Investigation - FBI. Public Relations - PR

45
Q

Roots

A

Part of a word which cannot be analysed further. Part remaining when all affixes have been removed

46
Q

Bases

A

Any form to which affixes can still be added e.g perish can be because you can add ‘able’ to it (perishable)
If you can add something to a word, it is this definition

47
Q

Stems

A

Part of a word that exists before any inflectional (NEVER DERIVATIONAL) affixes are added, such as plural endings, past tense endings etc.

48
Q

Compounds

A

A compound is a word comprised of two (or more) free morphs e.g wall+paper = wallpaper

49
Q

Compound of nouns

A

Windmill, dog bed, bookstore

50
Q

Compound of adjectives

A

Icy cold, blue-green, red hot

51
Q

Compound of an adjective and a noun

A

Greenhouse, blackboard, hard hat

52
Q

Compound of a noun and an adjective

A

Sky blue, cherry red, rock hard

53
Q

Headed (Endocentric) Compound

A

The head word expresses core meaning inside the compound e.g armchair (the head word chair is included in the compound)

54
Q

Headless (Exocentric) Compound

A

The head word is outside the compound I.e not included e.g paperback (the head word ‘book’ is excluded from the compound)

55
Q

Neoclassical Compound

A

No identifiable English free morpheme in the compound e.g astrology. Astro meaning ‘star’ and ology meaning the ‘study of’

56
Q

Co-ordinate Compound

A

Both elements of the compound are equal in sharing head-like characteristics such as ‘maidservant’. A maidservant is a type of maid and servant.

57
Q

Primary (Root) Compounds

A

The right-hand element is a simplex word (i.e., it’s not a derived word)

58
Q

Secondary Compounds

A

The right-hand element is a complex word (i.e., a derived word)

Linguistics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions