Phonetics and Phonology Flashcards
What is phonetics
The study of the sounds of speech
Phonology
Study of sound patterns and the ways in which the sounds of language are organised.
Phone
a unit of sound.
Phoneme
a unit of sound that contrasts with other sounds in a particular language.
IPA
- a standard system of phonetic notation to represent the sounds of spoken language – the vowel sounds and consonant sounds that make up what we say.
Consonants
are sounds that require a closure of the vocal tract.
Vowels
are sounds that don’t require a closure of the vocal tract.
Places of Articulation (8)
Bilabial
Labio-dental
Dental
Alveolar
Alveopalatal
Palatal
Velar
Glottal
Manner of Articulation
Stop
Nasal
Fricative
Affricate
Lateral
Approximant
Voiced
voiced phone in which the vocal folds vibrate,
Voiceless/unvoiced
one in which the vocal folds do not vibrate.
Monophthong
A simple vowel that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation; that is, the tongue does not move when making this sound (e.g. the vowel in ‘bin’).
diphthong
Occurs when the tongue starts in one place and moves to another in order to produce the vowel sound (e.g. the vowel in ‘buy’).
Diphthongs are presented by two symbols joined together as they represent two vowel sounds.
Diphthongs tend to be prone to variation more so than monophthongs and can reveal social and regional variation - e.g. elongation of diphthongs can show broadness of accent – ‘I’ vs. ‘eee’ – ‘I’ is a diphthong.
Elision
dropping sounds (e.g. ‘them’ vs. ‘em’)
Vowel Reduction
reducing/clipping vowels (e.g. ‘to’ to ‘t’)
