Child Language Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Stage 1: Babbling

A
  • 5-7 months
  • Non-restricted sounds
  • Intonation via imitation
  • +ve feedback encourages language creation
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2
Q

Stage 2: Holophrastic stage

A

-one-word utterances
-12-18 months
-consonant/monophthong/diphthong
-difficulty with consonant clusters and using assimilation/insertion
- ~50 words
-overgeneralisation
-simplify phonology

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3
Q

Voiced stops

A

Children will used voiced stops at the start of words, even if incorrect.

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4
Q

Consonant clusters

A

difficulty pronouncing.
leave out or change sounds

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5
Q

Fis phenomenon

A

Children can know the correct pronunciation/meaning for objects that they pronounce the same.

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6
Q

Overgeneralisation

A

Use one word to describe multiple seemingly unrelated objects.
These objects may be similar in a way that causes this to happen.
e.g. Dad = any man

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7
Q

Undergeneralisation

A

Use some words to decribe a specific thing.
e.g. Man = father and no other man

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8
Q

Stage 3: Two word utterance stage

A

-18-24 months
-only contain content verbs and no function words and no function morphemes
-interpretation depends on context
-when speaking organically (not copying), there is usually a structure
- Location Utterances = Person + Location
(e.g. ‘Dog home’)
- Action Utterances = Agent + Action;
Action + patient (e.g. ‘Mamma
go’)
- there is understanding behind the phrases and the grammar/syntax that is required.

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9
Q

Wug test

A

Tests if children can apply morphological patterns that they have internalised.

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10
Q

Stage 4: Telegraphic stage

A
  • 24-30 months (multi-word stage)
  • likely to be missing some
    function words/function morphemes as still learning
  • begin to follow grammatical patterns
  • Grammatical elements emerge for the first
    time at this stage,
  • Children will continue to add to their vocabulary at an expediential rate
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11
Q

Typical sequence for the first 10 grammatical features.

A
  1. Present progressive
  2. Preposition
  3. Plural inflection
  4. Irregular past tense verb forms
  5. Possesive inflection
  6. Verb be
  7. Aritcles
  8. Past tense inflection
  9. Regular present tense inflection
  10. Irregular present tense forms
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12
Q

The theories

A

The behavioural Theory (B.F Skinner, 1959)
The innate theory (chomsky, 1957)
The interaction theory (Piaget+Bruno, 1956)

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13
Q

The innate theory

A
  • Chomsky (1957)
  • LAD
  • Expanded by Steven Pinker
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14
Q

Behavioural Theory

A
  • B.F Skinner 1959
  • positive and negative reinforcement.
  • to learn through interaction
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15
Q

Evidence of behaviourism in text

A
  1. Adults modelling or teaching language, and children responding.
  2. Children imitate/repeat adults’ speech.
  3. Children learn/repair mistakes after correction from adults.
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16
Q

Support for Innate theory

A
  • All children go through similar stage of LA
  • Medical research detects specific parts of brain for lang.
17
Q

How to identify innatism in text

A
  • children doing more than just imitating
  • Over and underextension (evidence of them constructing a model of language)
  • Children resisting correction.
18
Q

Behaviourism theory criticism

A
  • There is difference between child’s language being true/grammatically correct
  • Overcorrecting can have a bad effect, as children need to go through some stages and learn naturally
19
Q

Interaction theory

A
  • 1956
  • language comes
    with understanding
  • interactions between child and carer are crucial
  • Focus on importance of conversations, routines of interaction , role of child directed speech
  • children learn to get what they want, to play games, to stay connected to carers
  • LASS
20
Q

Interaction theory support (Piaget)

A
  • talking to themselves while playing, trying to help themselves understand
  • failing to use or understand language because they haven’t yet grasped the concept
21
Q

Interaction theory criticism (Piaget)

A
  • There is evidence of children who manage to use language beyond their understanding
  • Therfore the link is not as strong as previously thought
22
Q

Behaviourism support

A
  • Critical theory hypothesis
23
Q

interaction theory evidence in text

A
  1. enjoying/benefitting from interaction
  2. reinforcing children’s attempts to speak in positive way
  3. caregivers using child directed speech
  4. Conversation skills and pragmatic awareness learnt
    through interaction
24
Q

Difference between behaviourism (skinner) and interactionism (bruner)

A

Skinner:
- assumption that parents/carers correct each mistake
- how the child learns correct grammatical constructions
Bruner:
- parents/carers use child-directed speech (CDS) to model the next level of grammatical construction
- do not correct all mistakes

25
Innatism criticism
Chomsky did not conduct any practical experiments Didn't say much about linguistic features present. Others have added to Chomsky's work
26
ALA methods
Traditional grammar translation Communicative approach Audio-lingual method Direct/immersion method
27
Traditional grammar translation
Translation Comprehension Sets of grammatical rules
28
Communicative approach
Function over gramar. Focusses on everyday lang.
29
Audio-lingual method
Everyday speech Oral drills
30
Direct immersion method
Natural lang. setting Only use target lang.
31
Benefits of ALA
Flexible thinking Bilingualism and read readiness Linguistic awareness Globalization
32
Flexible thinking
Better understanding of how language works. Able to diff. form of content and meaning
33
Bilingualism and read readiness
Better understanding of the nature of lang. Better literacy
34
Linguistic awareness
Better understanding of grammatical rules. Word boundaries
35
Globalization
Marketable commodity. Can work in bilingual settings