phonemic awareness Flashcards
What grades are phonological awareness present in?
Kindergarten and First grade
Rhyme (Basic level)
Words ending are the same
example: cat, hat, sat
Alliteration (Basic Level)
same letter at the beginning of connected words;
repetition
example: Peter, piper, picked, a pickle
Sentences into words (basic level)
Counting the # of words in a sentence
Example:
Teacher says “How are you”
How many words was that?
show me with your fingers
students will hold up 3 fingers
syllable awareness (Intermediate level)
Smallest part of a word that carries its own vowel
example: clapping out syllables in a word
wonderful - /won/ /der/ /ful/
3 claps
Onset and Rime (Advanced) (Phoneme level)
Onset - initial sound in a word
Rime - string of letters that follows, usually a vowel and a final consonant
example: CAT
onset - C
rime - at
STRAW
onset - str
rime- aw
Individual phonemes (advanced)
Hearing, identifying, and manipulating phonemes
example: STRAW
/s/ /t/ /r/ /a/ /w/
Basic to advanced in 5 tiers
bottom of the triangle
BASIC
1. Hears rime + alliteration
2. hears words spoken into sentences
INTERMEDIATE
3. hears syllables in spoken words
ADVANCED
4. hears onset + rime
5. Hears individual phonemes in a word
Phonological awareness (phrases that may be on the test)
phonemes - rhyme + alliteration, words - syllables - onset and rime
beg to advanced
phonemes
rhyming + alliteration
sentence segmenting
syllable blending + segmenting
onset + rime blending and segmenting
phoneme blending and segmenting
phoneme manipulation
Are phonological awareness activities auditory or visual?
Auditory
Are phonics activities auditory or visual?
Visual
Phoneme level from simplest to most complex
phoneme isolation
blending
segmenting
addition (manipulation)
deletion (manipulation)
isolation
kids can recognize individual sounds in a word
example: CAT
Initial phoneme /c/
middle phoneme /a/
end phoneme /t/
The a in cat is a long A which requires a line above the A
Long vowel sounds require what?
a line above the letter to show that its a long vowel
blending
sequence of separately spoken phonemes then combine the phonemes to form a word
ex: /b/ /i/ /g/ - is big - then writes each sound + kids say aloud
deletion (manipulation)
a word that remains when a phoneme is removed
ex:
CAT
deletion - take out /c/ and now it says at
Reading pyramid (bottom to top)
phonemic awareness - SOUND, ability to hear and identify
phonics - letter sound corresponding
1. taking a word (CAT) sounding out the word /c/ /a/ /t/ = decoding a word
2. taking words and breaking them up into separate sounds, phonemes, and you spell the word
fluency - to read with accuracy
vocab
comprehension
decoding words
CAT - taking a word then sounding it out /c/ /a/ /t/
encoding
matching sounds and letters
elkonin boxes
method used in children with reading difficulties and inadequate responders in order to build phonemic awareness by segmenting words into individual sounds.
minimal pair
two words distinguished by only one ‘phoneme’
example: thumb - dumb
allophones
a kind of phoneme that changes its sound based on how a word is spelled. Think of the letter t and what kind of sound it makes in the word “tar” compared with “stuff.” It’s pronounced with a more forceful, clipped sound in the first example than it is in the second.
auditory discrimination
is the ability to recognize, compare and distinguish between distinct and separate sounds
For example, the words forty and fourteen may sound alike.
trigraph
3 letters with one sound
example: Light (ght makes ones sound)
phonemic awareness
(44 sounds) hearing, identifying, substitution, deleting in oral language
Tier words
there are three tiers
tier 1 - everyday words (high frequency sight words)
reg - cat, sheep
irregular - some the of
Primarily learned through conversation
tier 2 - high frequency words with multi meanings
example: read - red
academic vocabulary
cross curriculum terms
tier 3 - domain specific academic vocabulary
ti
digraph
consonant digraphs
wh
sh
ch
ck
ph
th
phonemic awareness
the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words
phonemes
smallest parts of sound in a spoken word that make a difference in a words meaning
example: if you change the first phoneme in hat from h to p it changes the word to pat - changing the meaning
how many phonemes does the english language have
44 phonemes
phoneme examples
a + oh only have 1 phoneme
if = 2 phonemes
check = /ch/ /e/ /ck/ - 3 phonemes
stop - 4 phonemes
grapheme
smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of the word. it can be 1 letter such as b, d, f, , p, s or several letters ch, sh, ck, ea, igh
syllable
word part that contains a vowel or in spoken language
vowel sounds
ex: event (e-vent) = 2 syllables
newspaper (news-pa-per) 3 syllables
identity
same sounds in different words
ex: fix, fall, fun - 1st sound is f which is the same in all
categorization
recognize set of 3/4 words that has an odd sound
example: bus, bun, rug - rug doesn’t belong it doesnt have a /b/ sound
segmenting
break a word into separate sounds
ex: grab - /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/ - 4 sounds
addition (manipulation)
makes a new word by adding a phoneme
ex: cats
addition - add /s/ to the end and now its cats
substitution
subbing 1 phoneme for another to make a new word
bug - change g to n and you get bun
what does substitution help with
learn to read and to spell
when is adding, deletion, and substituting most effective?
When children are taught to manipulate phonemes by using the letters of the alphabet and when it focuses on only one or two types of phoneme manipulation
Phoneme definition
The smallest unit of sound NO LETTER RECOGITION
Phoneme sounds that have 2 letters
It is considered a phoneme because the two letters only have 1 sound
Phonemic awareness skill development
- Recognize initial and final sounds in words
What is the first sound in man?
What is the last sound in pit? - Blend onset’s and rimes (onset first letter sound and rime is the rest of the word)
What is the word? /b/ /ill/ - Blend phonemes
What is the word /c/ /o/ /t/ - Segment phonemes
What are the sounds in cut?
Sentence segmentation
Segmenting sentences into spoken words
/ the dog ran )
1. 2. 3
Rhyme
Matching the ending sounds of words
Fit bit sit lit
Syllables
Blending syllables to say words or segmenting spoken words into syllables
/rain/ /bow/
/fil/ /ter/
/la/ /dle/
