phonemic awareness Flashcards
What grades are phonological awareness present in?
Kindergarten and First grade
Rhyme (Basic level)
Words ending are the same
example: cat, hat, sat
Alliteration (Basic Level)
same letter at the beginning of connected words;
repetition
example: Peter, piper, picked, a pickle
Sentences into words (basic level)
Counting the # of words in a sentence
Example:
Teacher says “How are you”
How many words was that?
show me with your fingers
students will hold up 3 fingers
syllable awareness (Intermediate level)
Smallest part of a word that carries its own vowel
example: clapping out syllables in a word
wonderful - /won/ /der/ /ful/
3 claps
Onset and Rime (Advanced) (Phoneme level)
Onset - initial sound in a word
Rime - string of letters that follows, usually a vowel and a final consonant
example: CAT
onset - C
rime - at
STRAW
onset - str
rime- aw
Individual phonemes (advanced)
Hearing, identifying, and manipulating phonemes
example: STRAW
/s/ /t/ /r/ /a/ /w/
Basic to advanced in 5 tiers
bottom of the triangle
BASIC
1. Hears rime + alliteration
2. hears words spoken into sentences
INTERMEDIATE
3. hears syllables in spoken words
ADVANCED
4. hears onset + rime
5. Hears individual phonemes in a word
Phonological awareness (phrases that may be on the test)
phonemes - rhyme + alliteration, words - syllables - onset and rime
beg to advanced
phonemes
rhyming + alliteration
sentence segmenting
syllable blending + segmenting
onset + rime blending and segmenting
phoneme blending and segmenting
phoneme manipulation
Are phonological awareness activities auditory or visual?
Auditory
Are phonics activities auditory or visual?
Visual
Phoneme level from simplest to most complex
phoneme isolation
blending
segmenting
addition (manipulation)
deletion (manipulation)
isolation
kids can recognize individual sounds in a word
example: CAT
Initial phoneme /c/
middle phoneme /a/
end phoneme /t/
The a in cat is a long A which requires a line above the A
Long vowel sounds require what?
a line above the letter to show that its a long vowel
blending
sequence of separately spoken phonemes then combine the phonemes to form a word
ex: /b/ /i/ /g/ - is big - then writes each sound + kids say aloud
deletion (manipulation)
a word that remains when a phoneme is removed
ex:
CAT
deletion - take out /c/ and now it says at
Reading pyramid (bottom to top)
phonemic awareness - SOUND, ability to hear and identify
phonics - letter sound corresponding
1. taking a word (CAT) sounding out the word /c/ /a/ /t/ = decoding a word
2. taking words and breaking them up into separate sounds, phonemes, and you spell the word
fluency - to read with accuracy
vocab
comprehension
decoding words
CAT - taking a word then sounding it out /c/ /a/ /t/
encoding
matching sounds and letters
elkonin boxes
method used in children with reading difficulties and inadequate responders in order to build phonemic awareness by segmenting words into individual sounds.
minimal pair
two words distinguished by only one ‘phoneme’
example: thumb - dumb
allophones
a kind of phoneme that changes its sound based on how a word is spelled. Think of the letter t and what kind of sound it makes in the word “tar” compared with “stuff.” It’s pronounced with a more forceful, clipped sound in the first example than it is in the second.
auditory discrimination
is the ability to recognize, compare and distinguish between distinct and separate sounds
For example, the words forty and fourteen may sound alike.
trigraph
3 letters with one sound
example: Light (ght makes ones sound)
