Phonemes/Sounds

Question 1

Velar fricatives

Answer 1

encoding: [X]

e. g. in Loch -> ‚ch‘

Question 2

dental fricatives

Answer 2

coding: [ð] or [Ɵ]

voiced and voiceless

‚th‘ as in those(v.) or smith (unv.)

Question 3

affricates

Answer 3

An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).

English has two affricate phonemes, /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/, often spelled ch and j, respectively.

Question 4

Places of articulation in consonants

Answer 4

Labial

• Bi­labial
• Labio­dental
• Linguo­labial

Coronal

• Dental
• Alveolar
• Post­alveolar
• Retro­flex

Dorsal

• Palatal
• Velar
• Uvular

Laryngeal

• Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal
• Glottal

Question 5

Manner of articulation

Answer 5

• Nasal
• Stop
• Sibilant fricative
• Non-Sibilant fricative
• Approximant
• Tap/Flap
• Trill
• Lateral….

Question 6

Obstruents/Sonorants

Answer 6

An obstruent is a speech sound such as [k], [d͡ʒ], or [f] that is formed by obstructing airflow. Obstruents contrast with sonorants, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. All obstruents are consonants, but sonorants include both vowels and consonants.