G - Contrastive Pragmatics

Question 1

politeness principles by Leech

Answer 1

tact

• no imposition
• leave options
• effects of benefit scale

generosity
- minimize expressions of benefit to self, maximize those of benefit to others

approbation
- minimize criticism, maximize approval

modesty
- minimal praise of self, maximal praise of others

agreement
- minimize disagreement, maximize agreement

sympathy
- minimize antipathy, maximize sympathy

Question 2

linguistic politeness by Brown and Levinson

Answer 2

face wants
- positive face (desire to be admired, need to be connected) - - strategies: compliments, first name, question tags, in-group jargon, approval…

• negative face (desire not to be impeded upon, need to be independent)
• strategies: avoidance-based; remorse, hedges