Phonemes and Allophones (pg86- 88)

Question 1

Minimal Pairs

Answer 1

can change meaning and therefor belong to separate phonemes

• one place where they are different*

Question 2

Where is the difference between the sounds in English and spanish?

Answer 2

in the mind of the speaker, not the sound itself

Question 3

phonemic

Answer 3

changes meaning

Question 4

If there are minimal pairs :

Answer 4

it’s phonemic

seprate phonemes

Question 5

minimal pairs concerned with

Answer 5

differences in sound not spelling

Question 6

when doing phonetics and phonology, do not

Answer 6

confuse spelling with sounds

Question 7

if there is no minimal pairs:

Answer 7

allophones of one phoneme

Question 8

which sounds are phonemic in English

Answer 8

(s) (z)

n) ( ŋ

Question 9

sounds that are phonemic in Spanish

Answer 9

(t) (r) they have minimal pairs.

meaning they have two separate phonemes

Question 10

English (certain dialects) use the (r) as a variation of (t) when?

Answer 10

when it occurs between a stressed and unstrassed vowel.

Question 11

homophones

Answer 11

sound alike but different in spelling and meaning

Question 12

T/F: there is a regular sound rule in english that systematically lengthens vowels before voiced consonants (or shortens them before a voiceless consonant)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F: research has shown that the longer or shorter vowel is not what these speakers perceive.

Answer 13

true; they perceive a difference in the intervocalic consonant (t) vs (d) and perceive no difference in vowels.

Question 14

systematic gaps

Answer 14

lead us to posit a distinct difference between phones and phonemes

Question 15

phone

Answer 15

actual speech sounds in the air

Question 16

phonemes

Answer 16

mental representation of these sounds

Question 17

T/F: differences in speech sounds are specific to each particular language

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what matters most is the native speakers’ perception of these sounds and not the?

Answer 18

not the sounds themselves

Question 19

why do phonologists agree on the classification?

Answer 19

they use a precise, systematic methodology to sort out the sound system of the language, which makes all but the most difficult cases clear.

Question 20

Corpus

Answer 20

body of language data from a native speaker of the language

Question 21

what do phoneticians use to determine the phonemes and allophones of a language

Answer 21

corpus

Question 22

informant or language consultant

Answer 22

the native speaker who supplies the data

Question 23

the corpus is usually

Answer 23

taped or digitally recorded

Question 24

narrow(phonetic) transciption

Answer 24

when phoneticians listen to the recording and transcribe all the acoustic and articulatory differences in speech sound they can hear, using IPA symbols and diacritics

Question 25

diacritics

Answer 25

indicate and acoustic or articulatory differenct in sound