phonation 2

Question 1

when is vocal folds movement active vs passive?

Answer 1

• active before phonation
• passive once Bernoulli’s principle kicks in

Question 2

when the vocal folds close, what happens to subglottal pressure?

Answer 2

subglottal pressure increases

Question 3

when the vocal folds are blown apart by pressure, what happens to subglottal pressure?

Answer 3

subglottal pressure decreases

Question 4

towards the end of the cycle, what causes the vocal folds to approximate once more?

Answer 4

negative pressure

Question 5

what happens to one’s voice if the onset of expiration is too early relative to VF adduction?

Answer 5

voice is breathy / glottal fricative

Question 6

what happens to one’s voice if the onset of expiration is too late relative to VF adduction?

Answer 6

hard glottal attack / glottal stop

Question 7

what does the retroambiguous nucleus coordinate? (march 2024)

Answer 7

expiration and sound production

Question 8

what are the 3 glottal phases of the vibratory cycle?

Answer 8

1. opening
2. closing
3. closed

Question 9

what is speed quotient (Sq)?

Answer 9

time of abduction (c-o)
______________________
time of adduction (o-c)

Question 10

what is open quotient (Oq)?

Answer 10

time glottis is open (C-O + O-C)
______________________
time of entire cycle

Question 11

what does an electroglottograph (EGG) measure?

Answer 11

voltage change based on contact area of VF

Question 12

what happens to voltage as the VFs come together? what about when they peel apart?

Answer 12

• come together: +voltage
• peel apart: -voltage

Question 13

if you’re seeing a staircase shape in someone’s EGG, what does this suggest?

Answer 13

polyps, nodules…

Question 14

avg fundamental frequency for males vs females?

Answer 14

• males: 125Hz
• females: 200Hz

Question 15

average rate of vocal fold vibration = ____

Answer 15

fundamental frequency

Question 16

T or F: physical characteristics determine one’s natural/optimal pitch level

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what are the 3 physical factors that determine fundamental frequency?

Answer 17

1. length of vibrating vocal folds
2. tension of vocal folds
3. density of vocal folds

Question 18

• longer VF = ___ F0
• higher density = ___ F0
• higher tension = ___ F0

Answer 18

• lower
• lower
• higher

Question 19

why do men have lower F0’s?

Answer 19

longer and thicker VFs

Question 20

how do pitch and subglottal pressure relate?

Answer 20

increase in pitch = increase in subglottal pressure

Question 21

glottal resistance is lowest at habitual pitch and _____ as F0 goes up

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

how can we increase intensity (dB)? (3)

Answer 22

1. close VFs lonnger (+subglottal pressure) – low pitch
2. bring VFs closer to increase resistance – low pitch
3. increase expiration effort – high pitch

Question 23

why is your only option to increase expiration effort at high pitches?

Answer 23

b/c at high pitches, glottal resistance is already very high

Question 24

which sounds is the transglottal pressure difference highest for? lowest? intermediate?

Answer 24

• highest: vowels
• lowest: stops
• intermediate: fricatives

Question 25

T or F: voiced stops are produced with larger supraglottal volumes than voiceless stops

Answer 25

true