Phobias

Question 1

Classical conditioning - acquisition of a phobia

Answer 1

Little Albert good example

Acquire via association of fear with something else

Question 2

Classical conditioning - maintenance

Answer 2

Explains acquisition well but not maintenance

Could argue if behaviour is not continually reinforced could lose the fear

Question 3

Operant Conditioning - acquisition

Answer 3

Vicariously

Observe fear in others/ hear about danger on news

So we acquire phobias that way

Better for maintenance

Question 4

Operant conditioning - maintenance

Answer 4

Retreat from anxiety provoking stimulus acts as negative reinforcement

Question 5

SLT - acquisition

Answer 5

You see a role model be afraid of something you then become afraid of it yourself

Think of mineka and cook Rheus monkey experiment

Question 6

SLT - maintenance

Answer 6

Motivation part of ARRM

When you avoid a phobic object anxiety/ stress is reduced - acting as negative reinforcement

Question 7

What are the two treatments we have to know about for Psychology

Answer 7

Systematic desensitisation

Flooding

Question 8

What are the 4 stages to SD

Answer 8

1. Functional analysis
2. Anxiety hierarchy
3. Relaxation training
4. Gradual exposure

Question 9

What is SD based on

Answer 9

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 10

What is functional analysis

Answer 10

A conversation between therapist and client to identity causes and triggers and nature of the fear

Question 11

What is the anxiety hierarchy

Answer 11

A hierarchy ranging from least anxiety provoking to most anxiety provoking

Question 12

What is relaxation training

Answer 12

Teaching clients techniques to relax such as deep breathing, that they can use when confronted with their fear

Question 13

What is gradual exposure

Answer 13

Gradually moving through the anxiety hierarchy

Question 14

+ of SD

Answer 14

Better for longevity due to techniques taught

More ethical

Capafons showed its a credible and effective treatment

Question 15

• of SD

Answer 15

May not get to the root cause of the fear as the fear could have a cognitive component that SD doesn’t deal with

Less practical, can take weeks, time consuming, expensive

Question 16

What does flooding work on the idea of

Answer 16

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 17

What is reciprocal inhibition

Answer 17

The idea that two opposing psychological states cannot occur simultaneously

Question 18

How does flooding work

Answer 18

It is a direct prolonged exposure to a fearful situation or experience

The key is to present the feared stimulus quickly continuously and in an environment where escape is impossible

Question 19

+ of flooding

Answer 19

Mott -> 85% of pp with PTSD showed reduction in symptoms

More practical less time consuming easier

Question 20

• of flooding

Answer 20

Extremely unethical even with informed consent client might not know what they’re letting themselves in for

Much more to the patient whereas SD is with

May not get to the root cause of the fear if it has a psychological component and flooding only works on a behavioural level

Worse longevity