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anatomy and physiology > phlebotomy > Flashcards

phlebotomy Flashcards

1
Q

informed consent

A

gives voluntary permission after knowing about risks of procedure

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2
Q

expressed consent

A

verbal permission

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3
Q

implied consent

A

patients actions permit the procedure without verbal or written consent (going to ER)

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4
Q

parental consent for minors

A

parent or legal guardian gives permission for underage patient

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5
Q

Biggest mistake phlebotomist can make and how to avoid it

A

misidentifying patient, check the ID band and ask for first, last and DOB

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6
Q

layperson terms

A

easy to understand terms

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7
Q

PPE

A

personal protective equipment

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8
Q

what is person protection equipment

A

mask, goggles, face shield, gloves, respirator (N-95)

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9
Q

what should you not do if working in the lab

A

eat, drink, smoke, handle cell phone, handle contact lenses, apply cosmetics

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10
Q

what is the dilution ratio

A

1:10 household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) to water

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11
Q

is exposed to blood what should you do

A
  1. wash exposed area thoroughly
  2. report exposure to supervisor
  3. refer to MSDS (material safety data sheet)
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12
Q

how many types of OSHA inspections are there

A

4

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13
Q

what are the 4 types of OSHA compliance inspections

A
  1. complaint inspection
  2. fatality/accidents inspection
  3. programmed inspection
  4. imminent danger inspection
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14
Q

what are the 3 main arm veins that are used to for blood draws and where are they

A
  1. cephalic , on the top outside of the arm
  2. median cubital (most common), in the middle crossing over the inner elbow
  3. basilic, lower inner arm
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15
Q

what is the most common vein

A

median cubital

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16
Q

what size needle is usually used for venipuncture in the arm

A

21 gauge needle

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17
Q

how many times do tubes with additives need to be inverted

A

light blue top 3-4x and others 8-10x

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18
Q

why are needles smaller than 23 gauge not recommended for drawing blood

A

they can cause hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells)

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19
Q

what is the degrees for an arm blood draw vs. a hand stick

A

15-30º for median cubital and cephalic and 5º for basilic and hand stick

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20
Q

what is the most common injury that leads to litigation

A

nerve damage

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21
Q

what is ICD10 code

A

diagnosis code

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22
Q

what info should be labeled on the tube

A

patients first and last name, DOB, time, date, phlebotomists initials

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23
Q

2 things to make drawing less difficult

A

pre-warm the area with a warm towel or heal warmer and make sure patient is hydrated 15-20 minutes prior to drawing

24
Q

what vein is used in infants under 2 yrs old

A

median cubital

25
Q

vasovagal syncope

A

fainting

26
Q

another word for fainting

A

vasovagal syncope

27
Q

1st thing to do if patient faints

A

remove tourniquet and needle

28
Q

when would you do a finger stick

A

if you can’t find a vein, patient has burns or scars, patient is severely obese, only a small amount of blood is needed

29
Q

do you wipe away the first drop of blood from a capillary puncture with alcohol

A

no, it can cause contamination

30
Q

why are heel sticks used

A

on infants less than 1-2 yrs old and on the lateral and medial portions of the sole of the foot

31
Q

PT/INR

A
  1. prothrombin time test, used to evaluate extrinsic pathway

2. also monitors anticoagulant therapy

32
Q

INR

A

international normalized ratio

33
Q

PTT

A
  1. partial thromboplastin time, used to evaluate intrinsic pathway
  2. for PT or PTT a light blue tube is filled, has to be filled all the way
34
Q

what is post prandial and what tube is it drawn in

A

lipid panel should be drawn in an SST tube when patient is fasting

35
Q

trough levels are collected ____ minutes before scheduled pharmeceutical dose

A

15

36
Q

what specimens are warmed

A

cold agglutinins
cold agglutinins are antibodies produced in response to mycoplasma pneumonia infection
collected in red top tubes and warmed to 37º C fro 30 minutes

37
Q

without stasis

A

without tourniquet

38
Q

specimens that require chilling

A

ammonia, lactic acid, arterial blood gas (ABG)

39
Q

specimens that need protection from light

A

bilirubin and vit. B6

40
Q

aseptic technique

A

blood cultures (BCX) using chlorhexidine gluconate or chloraprep

41
Q

ABG, when should the sample be run

A

within 15 minutes of collection, its important that nothing else happen between collection and testing

42
Q

what do the tubes with additives yield

A

plasma

43
Q

what do the tubes without additives yield

A

serum

44
Q

what is plasma

A

liquid portion of unclotted blood, still with clotting factors

45
Q

what is serum

A

liquid portion of blood that has been allowed to clot, clotting factors are no longer present

46
Q

order of draw

A
  1. blood cultures (BCX)
  2. light blue top (draw a discard tube prior to remove thromboplastin)
  3. red top
  4. tiger top
  5. mint green
  6. dark green
  7. lavender
  8. pink
  9. grey
  10. dark blue
47
Q

common blue top tests, additives and yield

A
  1. activated partial thromboplastin time (aPPT)
  2. sodium citrate
  3. plasma
48
Q

red top common tests, additives and yield

A

plain vacuum tube (discard tube), none, serum

49
Q

tiger top common tests, additives and yield

A

complete metabolic panel (CMP), serum pregnancy test, silica and thixotropic gel, yields serum

50
Q

mint green common tests, additives and yield

A

STAT electrolytes, hCG, (plasma) pregnancy test, lithium heparin and thixotropic gel, plasma

51
Q

dark green common tests, additives and yield

A

ammonia, sodium heparin, plasma

52
Q

lavender/light or dark purple common tests, additives and yield

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and complete blood count (CBC), EDTA, plasma

53
Q

pink common tests, additives and yield

A

type and screen ratio, must be 2/3 full, potassium EDTA, plasma

54
Q

grey common tests, additives and yield

A

lactic acid, ethanol levels, sodium fluoride, plasma

55
Q

royal blue common tests, additives and yield

A

not actual last in order of draw
royal blue with red stripe: lead poisoning, no additive, yield serum
royal blue with lavender stripe is drawn after lavender tube, has EDTA and will yield plasma

anatomy and physiology (10 decks)

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