axial muscles and function

Question 1

Frontalis

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 1

raise eyebrows, aponeurosis, skin eyebrows, facial

Question 2

occipitalis

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 2

moves scalp posteriorly, occipital bone, aponeurosis, facial

Question 3

orbicularis oculi

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 3

closes eyelids, frontal and maxillary bone, skin of eyelid, facial

Question 4

risorius

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 4

draws corner of lips laterally, fascia of masseter, skin at angle of the mouth, facial

Question 5

orbicularis oris

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 5

close lips, maxilla, and mandible, skin of mouth, facial

Question 6

zygomaticus major & minor

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 6

elevated corner of the mouth, zygomatic bone, skin and muscle at corner of mouth, facial

Question 7

buccinator

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 7

compresses cheek and pulls mouth laterally, molar region of mandible and maxilla, orbicularis oris, facial

Question 8

depressor labii inferioris

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 8

draws lower lip inferiorly, body of mandible lateral to midline, skin and muscle of lower lip, facial

Question 9

levator labii superioris

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 9

draws upper lip up, zygomatic bone, skin and muscle of upper lip, facial

Question 10

depressor anguli oris

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 10

draws corner of mouth down and lateral, body of mandible below incisors, skin and muscle at angle of mouth, facial

Question 11

mentalis

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 11

protrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin, anterior body of mandible, skin of chin, trigeminal

Question 12

masseter

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 12

elevate mandible, zygomatic arch and maxilla, angle and ramus of mandible, trigeminal

Question 13

temporalis

Answer 13

elevate and retract mandible, temporal fossa, coronoid process of mandible, trigeminal

Question 14

platysma

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 14

depress mandible | tense skin of neck, fascia of chest, lower margin of mandible, skin, muscle at corner of mouth, facial

Question 15

sternocleidomastoid

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 15

flex and rotate neck and rotate head toward opposite side, manubrium and clavicle, mastoid process of temporal bone, accessory

Question 16

scalene

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 16

flex and rotate neck | elevate ribs, transverse process of cervical vertebrae, ribs 1 and 2, cervical & brachial plexus

Question 17

Digastrics anterior & posterior

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 17

elevate and retract hyoid,
Anterior: lower inner margin of mandible
posterior: mastoid process
hyoid, facials

Question 18

stylohyoid

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 18

elevates and retracts hyoid, styloid process of temporal bone, hyoid bone, facial

Question 19

mylohyoid

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 19

elevates hyoid bone during swallowing, inner surface of the mandible, hyoid bone, trigeminal

Question 20

sternohyoid

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 20

depress larynx & hyoid bone, manubrium and clavicle, hyoid bone, C1-C3

Question 21

levator scapulae

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 21

elevate and adducts scapula, transverse process of C1-C4, scapula medial border above spine, C3-4 ad dorsal scapula

Question 22

pectoralis minor

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 22

elevates upper ribs and moves scapula forward, ribs 3-5, coracoid process, pectoral

Question 23

serratus anterior

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 23

move scapula forward and rotate scapula laterally, lateral aspect of ribs 1-8, medial border of the scapula, long thoracic

Question 24

external intercostals

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 24

elevate rib cage and aid in inspiration, inferior border of rib above, superior border of rib below, intercostal

Question 25

internal intercostal

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 25

depress rib cage and aid in expiration, superior border of rib below, inferior border of rib above, intercostal

Question 26

diaphragm

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 26

prime mover of inspiration and flatten when contract and lengthens thoracic cavity, no origin or insertion, phrenic

Question 27

rectus abdominis

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 27

flex and rotate vertebral column,
pubic crest and symphysis,
xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5-7,
intercostal

Question 28

external oblique

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 28

trunk rotation and lateral flexion compress abdomen and depress ribs,
anterior surface of ribs 5-12,
pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest, linea alba,
intercostal iliohypogastric

Question 29

internal oblique

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 29

trunk rotation and lateral flexion compress abdomen and depress ribs,
iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia,
linea alba, ribs 9-12 (cartilage), pubic crest
intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Question 30

transversus abdominis

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 30

compress abdomen,
iliac crest, cartilages of ribs 6-12, inguinal ligament,
pubic crest, linea alba,
intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Question 31

trapezius

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 31

extends neck,
occipital bone, spine of C7,
acromion and spine of scapula,
accessory

Question 32

latissimus dorsi

action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 32

extene, adduct, medially rotate arm,
T5-L6 spinous processes, ribs 8-12, iliac crest
intertubercular groove of humerus,
thoracodorsal

Question 33

erector spinae (longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis)
action, origin, insertion, innervation

Answer 33

as a pair: extends neck and vertebral column
single: bends vertebrae lateral
transverse process of C7-T12,
occipital bone and spinous process of cervical vertebrae