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A. HEMA111 > phlebo > Flashcards

phlebo Flashcards

1
Q

most common anticoagulants

A

ECHO (edta, citrate, heparin, oxalate)

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2
Q

heparin prevents clotting by

A

inhibiting thrombin formation

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3
Q

length of the needle should be? butterfly needles?

A

1- or 1.5-inch

1/2 to 3/4 inch

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6
Q

long cylindrical portion of the needle

A

shaft

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7
Q

Filling tubes in the wrong order can lead to interference in testing from cross contamination of the specimen by

A

additive carry over, tissue thromboplastin (present in tissue fluids) & microbial

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9
Q

Using a needle with _____ (what gauge?) increases the chance of hemolyzing the specimen

A

less than 23 gauge

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10
Q

why cotton balls is not recommended to hold pressure

A

it tend to stick to the site and reinitiate bleeding when removed because they dislodge the platelet plug that seals a puncture site

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12
Q

substances used to prevent sepsis

A

antiseptics

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13
Q

Removing the stopper from a specimen can cause

A

loss of CO2

increase of pH

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15
Q

size of microscope slides used to make blood film for hematology determinations

A

25 x 75 mm (1 x 3 inch)

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16
Q

tourniquet should be oly used once, for it may transmit what bacteria

A

MRSA/ methicillin resistant staphylococcus areus

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17
Q

additives for yellow top? what department?

A

ACD (BB)

SPS (micro)

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19
Q

special tip (needle used for syringe system) that allows the needle to attach more securely than a slip tip

A

Luer-lock tip

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20
Q

Glycolysis by erythrocytes and leukocytes in blood specimens can falsely lower glucose values at a rate of up to

A

200 mg/L per hour

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21
Q

most frequently used antiseptics for blood alcohol specimens (2)? what top is used?

A

povidone iodine
benzalkonium chloride

gray top Na fluoride tube

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22
Q

part of the needle that allows the needle to easily slip into the skin and vein without coring (removing a portion of the skin or vein)

A

bevel

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23
Q

pressure is maintained ____ when using blood pressure cuff in place of tourniquet

A

no greater than 40 mm Hg

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24
Q

additives that can be used for green top

A

Lithium heparin, Sodium heparin, Ammonium heparin

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25
Q

additive for orange top? what department?

A

thrombin

chem

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27
Q

top/ tube used for blood bank? what additive?

A

pink top

EDTA

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28
Q

give examples of clot activator

A

silica
celite
thrombin

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32
Q

substances thatshould be kept at body temp/ 37 C upon collection (3)

A

cold agglutinin
croglobulins
cryofibrinogen

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35
Q

PTT requires analysis within

A

within 4 hrs after collection

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36
Q

process of recording in the order received

A

accession

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37
Q

internal space of the needle

A

lumen

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39
Q

lenth of the tubing in winged infusion/ butterfly

A

5-12 inch

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40
Q

use of povidone–iodine to clean skin puncture sites may interferewith tests (4)

A

bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium

42
Q

Blood smears made from EDTA specimens must be prepared within

A

within 1 hour of collection

45
Q

tubes are handled properly and stored at what temp

A

4-25 C

46
Q

substances that should be chilled in crushed ice slurry

A 
ACTH
Acetone
ACE
ammonia
catecholamines
glucagon
lactic acid
PTH
renin
47
Q

transfer of blood collected in an additive tube into another additive tube, even if the additives are the same will cause false ____ result

A

false negative result

48
Q

3 phlebotomy needles used

A

multisample needles (evacuated tube system), winged infusion needles (butterfly) & hypodermic needles (syringe system)

49
Q

tube used for trace element tests, toxicology studies, and nutrient determinations

A

royal blue top

50
Q

a portion of a specimen used for testing

A

aliquot

51
Q

An easy way to protect a blood specimen from light is to

A

wrap it in aluminum foil

52
Q

which is recommended by CLSI, spray-dried EDTA or liquid EDTA

A

spray dried edta

53
Q

technique that has been shown to cause aerosol formation

A

thumb roll

54
Q

used to hold pressure over the site following blood collection procedures

A

2- by 2-inch gauze pads folded in fourths

55
Q

additive for royal blue top? what department?

A

edta/ Na heparin

chem

56
Q

anticoagulant used for immunohematology tests such as DNA testing and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping

A

ACD

59
Q

Glucose test specimens drawn in sodium fluoride tubes are stable for

A

24 hours at room temperature and up to 48 hours when refrigerated at 2C to 8C

60
Q

other name for hemoconcentration

A

venous stasis

61
Q

Silica particles cause the blood to clot within? in thrombin?

A

15 to 30 minutes

within 5 minutes

63
Q

plays a major role in preventing the spread of infection and is an important step in the venipuncture procedure that should not be forgotten or performed poorly

A

proper hand hygiene/washing

64
Q

2 patterns of vein

A

H-pattern

M-pattern

65
Q

allow for fast, accurate processing, and their use has been shown to decrease laboratory errors associated with clerical mistakes

A

bar code

66
Q

substances that should be protected from light

A 
Bilirubin
Carotene
Red cell folate 
Serum folate 
Vitamin B2 
Vitamin B6 
Vitamin B12 
Vitamin C 
Urine porphyrins 
Urine porphobilinogen
67
Q

EDTA specimens for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) determinations must be tested within

A

within 4 hours if left at room temperature

68
Q

PT results on unrefrigerated and uncentrifuged specimens are reliable for up to

A

24 hrs after collection

69
Q

routine blood specimens should arrive at the laboratory within

A

within 45 mins

70
Q

For antecubital site venipunctures, insert the needle into the skin at an angle of

A

30 degrees or less

71
Q

large laboratories have a specific area where specimens are received and prepared for testing

A

central processing or triage

72
Q

Interventions to ease pain (2)

A

EMLA (eutecticp mixture of local anaesthetic) for newborns to adult &
oral sucrose for infants and toddlers

74
Q

it means to inspect an organ by passing light through its walls?

A

transillumination; hemoglobin in the blood within the veins absorbs the light, causing the veins to stand out as dark lines

76
Q

which is preferred for potassium tests, Heparinized plasma or serum?

A

heparinized plasma; when blood clots, potassium is released from cells into the serum and can falsely elevate result

77
Q

For a higher degree of antisepsis, the traditional antiseptic is?

A

povidone–iodine

79
Q

tubes that are used for clearing or discard purposes only

A

non additive tubes

84
Q

recommended dilution for decontaminating nonporous surfaces after cleaning up blood or other body fluid spills in patient-care settings

A

1:100 dilution of Na hypochlorite

85
Q

most common antiglycolytic agent

A

Na fluoride

86
Q

stoppage of blood flow during the blood draw can result in an underfilled tube called

A

short draw

93
Q

citrate prevents coagulation by? how many inversions?

A

chelating calcium

3-4 inversions

97
Q

additive in special erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) tubes with black stoppers

A

Na citrate

102
Q

dilution applied prior to cleanup?

contact time required for disinfectants to be effective?

A

1:10 dilution

10 minutes

103
Q

give examples of antiseptics used for blood collection

A

70% Ethyl alcohol
70% Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)
Benzalkonium chloride (e.g., Zephiran chloride)
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hydrogen peroxide
Povidone–iodine (0.1%–1% available iodine)
Tincture of iodine

107
Q

chemical substances used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments?
most prefered?

A

disinfectants

5.25% sodium hypochlorite

112
Q

Evacuated tubes are available from a number of different manufacturers and come in various sizes and volumes ranging from

A

1.8 to 15 mL

114
Q

part of the needle where the blood collection device is atttached

A

hub

A. HEMA111 (4 decks)

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