Phisiology Flashcards
Prolactin releasing factors synthesized in the hypothalamus
- TRH
* PRF
Mechanism through which prolactin inhibits ovulation
Inhibition of GnRH synthesis and secretion
Hypothalamic nuclei that is stimulated in response to the baby suckling the nipple
Magnocellular nuclei, that synthesizes oxytocin
Catabolic effects of growth hormone
- Decreases uptake of glucose in fat and muscle (raises blood glucose)
- Mobilizes fats by increasing the activity of hormone sensitive lipase
Anabolic effects of growth hormone
- Increases aminoacid uptake into cells
* Production of somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors
Intracellular pathway through which growth hormone stimulates somatomedin synthesis
JAK/STAT
Intracellular pathway through which somatomedins exert their effects
MAP kinase
Half-life of T3 and T4
- T3: 1 day
* T4: 6 days (increased affinity for TBG)
The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid is a remnant of which embryologic structure
Thyroglossal duct
Normal remnant of thyroglossal duct in the mouth
Foramen cecum
Difference between the lingual thyroid and a normal thyroid (besides location and vascularization)
Lingual thyroid has no C cells
Afferent limb of the cough reflex
Superior laryngeal nerve
The left adrenal vein drains into which vein
Left renal vein, then into the IVC
The right adrenal vein drains into which vein
Directly into the IVC (as gonadal vein)
Hormones that share the same alpha subunit
- TSH
- LH
- FSH
- hCG
From where is melanotropin secreted
Intermediate lobe of the pituitary
Major component of amyloid fibrils found in islets of patients with DM2
Amylin
Where are capillaries located in pancreas islets
In the center, with the beta cells
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery
External carotid
The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery
The thyrocervical trunk, which comes from the subclavian artery
Half life of insulin
3 to 8 minutes
Half life of C peptide
35 minutes
Compound used to measure the secretory capacity of the endocrine pancreas
C peptide
Adrenergic receptor whose stimulation increases insulin release
Beta 2
Adrenergic receptor whose stimulation decreases insulin release
Alpha 2
GnRH frequency that favors LH secretion
High
GnRH frequency that favors FSH secretion
Low
Artery that supplies the anterior pituitary
Internal carotids, via the superior, medial, and inferior hypophyseal arteries
Prolactin is structurally homologous to which other hormone
Growth hormone
Regulatory function of estrogens in prolactin secretion
Stimulatory
Renal failure increases levels of which pituitary hormone
Prolactin
Acid-base alteration that leads to hypocalcemia
Increased pH
Magnesium levels that increase PTH secretion
Low
Magnesium levels that decrease PTH secretion
Very low
What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Excess iodine temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase and decreases iodine organification and hormone production
Mollecule that transports iodine into the follicular lumen
Pendrin
Vasopressin receptor that acts through IP3 signaling pathway
V1
Histamine receptor that acts through cAMP signaling pathway
H2
Vasopressin receptor that releases vWF from the endothelium
V2
Form of vitamin D that is measured when its deficiency is suspected
25-(OH) vitamin D
Form of thyroid hormone with a better GI absorption
T3
