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Endocrine Kaplan > Phisiology > Flashcards

Phisiology Flashcards

1
Q

Prolactin releasing factors synthesized in the hypothalamus

A
  • TRH

* PRF

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2
Q

Mechanism through which prolactin inhibits ovulation

A

Inhibition of GnRH synthesis and secretion

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3
Q

Hypothalamic nuclei that is stimulated in response to the baby suckling the nipple

A

Magnocellular nuclei, that synthesizes oxytocin

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4
Q

Catabolic effects of growth hormone

A
  • Decreases uptake of glucose in fat and muscle (raises blood glucose)
  • Mobilizes fats by increasing the activity of hormone sensitive lipase
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5
Q

Anabolic effects of growth hormone

A
  • Increases aminoacid uptake into cells

* Production of somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors

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6
Q

Intracellular pathway through which growth hormone stimulates somatomedin synthesis

A

JAK/STAT

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7
Q

Intracellular pathway through which somatomedins exert their effects

A

MAP kinase

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8
Q

Half-life of T3 and T4

A
  • T3: 1 day

* T4: 6 days (increased affinity for TBG)

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9
Q

The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid is a remnant of which embryologic structure

A

Thyroglossal duct

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10
Q

Normal remnant of thyroglossal duct in the mouth

A

Foramen cecum

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11
Q

Difference between the lingual thyroid and a normal thyroid (besides location and vascularization)

A

Lingual thyroid has no C cells

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12
Q

Afferent limb of the cough reflex

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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13
Q

The left adrenal vein drains into which vein

A

Left renal vein, then into the IVC

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14
Q

The right adrenal vein drains into which vein

A

Directly into the IVC (as gonadal vein)

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15
Q

Hormones that share the same alpha subunit

A
  • TSH
  • LH
  • FSH
  • hCG
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16
Q

From where is melanotropin secreted

A

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary

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17
Q

Major component of amyloid fibrils found in islets of patients with DM2

A

Amylin

18
Q

Where are capillaries located in pancreas islets

A

In the center, with the beta cells

19
Q

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery

A

External carotid

20
Q

The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery

A

The thyrocervical trunk, which comes from the subclavian artery

21
Q

Half life of insulin

A

3 to 8 minutes

22
Q

Half life of C peptide

A

35 minutes

23
Q

Compound used to measure the secretory capacity of the endocrine pancreas

A

C peptide

24
Q

Adrenergic receptor whose stimulation increases insulin release

A

Beta 2

25
Q

Adrenergic receptor whose stimulation decreases insulin release

A

Alpha 2

26
Q

GnRH frequency that favors LH secretion

A

High

27
Q

GnRH frequency that favors FSH secretion

A

Low

28
Q

Artery that supplies the anterior pituitary

A

Internal carotids, via the superior, medial, and inferior hypophyseal arteries

29
Q

Prolactin is structurally homologous to which other hormone

A

Growth hormone

30
Q

Regulatory function of estrogens in prolactin secretion

A

Stimulatory

31
Q

Renal failure increases levels of which pituitary hormone

A

Prolactin

32
Q

Acid-base alteration that leads to hypocalcemia

A

Increased pH

33
Q

Magnesium levels that increase PTH secretion

A

Low

34
Q

Magnesium levels that decrease PTH secretion

A

Very low

35
Q

What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect

A

Excess iodine temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase and decreases iodine organification and hormone production

36
Q

Mollecule that transports iodine into the follicular lumen

A

Pendrin

37
Q

Vasopressin receptor that acts through IP3 signaling pathway

A

V1

38
Q

Histamine receptor that acts through cAMP signaling pathway

A

H2

39
Q

Vasopressin receptor that releases vWF from the endothelium

A

V2

40
Q

Form of vitamin D that is measured when its deficiency is suspected

A

25-(OH) vitamin D

41
Q

Form of thyroid hormone with a better GI absorption

A

T3

Endocrine Kaplan (3 decks)

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