Phisiology

Question 1

Prolactin releasing factors synthesized in the hypothalamus

Answer 1

• TRH

* PRF

Question 2

Mechanism through which prolactin inhibits ovulation

Answer 2

Inhibition of GnRH synthesis and secretion

Question 3

Hypothalamic nuclei that is stimulated in response to the baby suckling the nipple

Answer 3

Magnocellular nuclei, that synthesizes oxytocin

Question 4

Catabolic effects of growth hormone

Answer 4

• Decreases uptake of glucose in fat and muscle (raises blood glucose)
• Mobilizes fats by increasing the activity of hormone sensitive lipase

Question 5

Anabolic effects of growth hormone

Answer 5

• Increases aminoacid uptake into cells

* Production of somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors

Question 6

Intracellular pathway through which growth hormone stimulates somatomedin synthesis

Answer 6

JAK/STAT

Question 7

Intracellular pathway through which somatomedins exert their effects

Answer 7

MAP kinase

Question 8

Half-life of T3 and T4

Answer 8

• T3: 1 day

* T4: 6 days (increased affinity for TBG)

Question 9

The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid is a remnant of which embryologic structure

Answer 9

Thyroglossal duct

Question 10

Normal remnant of thyroglossal duct in the mouth

Answer 10

Foramen cecum

Question 11

Difference between the lingual thyroid and a normal thyroid (besides location and vascularization)

Answer 11

Lingual thyroid has no C cells

Question 12

Afferent limb of the cough reflex

Answer 12

Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 13

The left adrenal vein drains into which vein

Answer 13

Left renal vein, then into the IVC

Question 14

The right adrenal vein drains into which vein

Answer 14

Directly into the IVC (as gonadal vein)

Question 15

Hormones that share the same alpha subunit

Answer 15

• TSH
• LH
• FSH
• hCG

Question 16

From where is melanotropin secreted

Answer 16

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary

Question 17

Major component of amyloid fibrils found in islets of patients with DM2

Answer 17

Amylin

Question 18

Where are capillaries located in pancreas islets

Answer 18

In the center, with the beta cells

Question 19

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery

Answer 19

External carotid

Question 20

The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery

Answer 20

The thyrocervical trunk, which comes from the subclavian artery

Question 21

Half life of insulin

Answer 21

3 to 8 minutes

Question 22

Half life of C peptide

Answer 22

35 minutes

Question 23

Compound used to measure the secretory capacity of the endocrine pancreas

Answer 23

C peptide

Question 24

Adrenergic receptor whose stimulation increases insulin release

Answer 24

Beta 2

Question 25

Adrenergic receptor whose stimulation decreases insulin release

Answer 25

Alpha 2

Question 26

GnRH frequency that favors LH secretion

Answer 26

High

Question 27

GnRH frequency that favors FSH secretion

Answer 27

Low

Question 28

Artery that supplies the anterior pituitary

Answer 28

Internal carotids, via the superior, medial, and inferior hypophyseal arteries

Question 29

Prolactin is structurally homologous to which other hormone

Answer 29

Growth hormone

Question 30

Regulatory function of estrogens in prolactin secretion

Answer 30

Stimulatory

Question 31

Renal failure increases levels of which pituitary hormone

Answer 31

Prolactin

Question 32

Acid-base alteration that leads to hypocalcemia

Answer 32

Increased pH

Question 33

Magnesium levels that increase PTH secretion

Answer 33

Low

Question 34

Magnesium levels that decrease PTH secretion

Answer 34

Very low

Question 35

What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect

Answer 35

Excess iodine temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase and decreases iodine organification and hormone production

Question 36

Mollecule that transports iodine into the follicular lumen

Answer 36

Pendrin

Question 37

Vasopressin receptor that acts through IP3 signaling pathway

Answer 37

V1

Question 38

Histamine receptor that acts through cAMP signaling pathway

Answer 38

H2

Question 39

Vasopressin receptor that releases vWF from the endothelium

Answer 39

V2

Question 40

Form of vitamin D that is measured when its deficiency is suspected

Answer 40

25-(OH) vitamin D

Question 41

Form of thyroid hormone with a better GI absorption

Answer 41

T3