Pathology Flashcards
HLA associated with Hashimoto’s
HLA-DR5
Biopsy findings in Hashimoto’s
Lymphocytic infiltration and Hurthle cells
Biopsy finding in de Quervain thyroiditis
Granulomatous inflammation
What is Riedel thyroiditis
Chronic inflammation where dense fibrosis replaces thyroid parenchima
Most common thyroid carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma
Biopsy findings in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Psamomma bodies and orphan Annie nuclei of the stromal cells
Cell of origin of medullary thyroid carcinomas
Parafollicular C cells
Biopsy findings in medullary thyroid carcinomas
Sheets of cells in amyloid stroma
Deficiency of 17 alpha hydroxylase leads to a decrease in which hormones
Cortisol and androgens
Deficiency of 21 hydroxylase leads to a decrease in which hormones
Cortisol and all mineralocorticoids
Deficiency of 11 beta hydroxylase leads to a decrease in which hormones
Cortisol and aldosterone (deoxycorticosterone is spared)
Cortisol increases which type of receptors
Glucagon and alpha adrenergic
Manifestations of a VIPoma
- Watery diarrhea
- Hypokalemia
- Achlorydia
Mutated gene in neuroblastoma
N-myc
Anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Sequential loss of pituitary hormones in case of hypopituitarism
- GH and gonadotropin
- TSH and ACTH
- Prolactin
Peptides used to identify neuroblastomas
NSE and bombesin
Where is the organ of Zuckerkandl located
At the bifurcation of the aorta or at the origin of the IMA
Difference between hypothyroid myopathy and thyrotoxic myopathy
Hypothyroid myopathy presents with increased CK
HLAs associated with Graves disease
HLA-DR3 and HLA-B8
Biopsy findings in Graves disease
Irregular follicles with scalloped colloid and chronic inflamation
Follicular carcinoma is associated to what mutation
RAS mutation
Pancreatic islet tumor that presents with necrolytic migratory erythema
Glucagonoma
Enzyme deficiency seen in syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME)
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2
