Pharmacology

Question 1

Drugs that decrease peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

Answer 1

PTU and beta blockers

Question 2

Sulfonylurea that produces a disulfiram-like effect

Answer 2

Chlorpropamide

Question 3

Mechanism of action of acarbose

Answer 3

Inhibits alpha glucosidase in small intestinal brush border

Question 4

Mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones

Answer 4

Bind to PPARs to increase the transcription of insulin-responsive genes

Question 5

Mechanism of action of exenatide

Answer 5

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Question 6

Mechanism of action of sitagliptin

Answer 6

Inhibits DPP-4

Question 7

GH analog that is used to treat HIV-associated lipodystrophy

Answer 7

Tesamorelin

Question 8

Duration of action of lispro insulin

Answer 8

3 to 4 hours

Question 9

Duration of action of regular insulin

Answer 9

5 to 7 hours

Question 10

Duration of action of NPH insulin

Answer 10

18 to 24 hours

Question 11

Duration of action of glargine insulin

Answer 11

More than 24 hours

Question 12

Rapid acting insulins

Answer 12

Lispro, aspart, and glulisine

Question 13

Most important adverse effecf of first generation sulfonylureas

Answer 13

Disulfiram-like effect

Question 14

Examples of first generation sulfonylureas

Answer 14

Chlorpropamide and tolbutamide

Question 15

Drugs used in diabetes mellitus that can cause weight gain, edema, and heart failure

Answer 15

Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)

Question 16

Mechanism of action of meglitinides (nateglinide, repaglinide)

Answer 16

Bind to K channels on beta cell membranes (different site from that of sulfonylureas)

Question 17

Most common adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 17

Mild urinary or respiratory infections

Question 18

Mechanism of action of amylin analogs (pramlintide)

Answer 18

• Decreases gastric emptying
• Decreases glucagon secretion
• Decreases appetite

Question 19

Contraindication of sulfonylureas

Answer 19

Liver failure

Question 20

Mechanism of action of finasteride

Answer 20

Inhibition of 5alpha-reductase

Question 21

Mechanism of action of leuprolide

Answer 21

GnRH agonist

Question 22

Mechanism of action of anastrozole

Answer 22

Aromatase inhibitor

Question 23

Mechanism of action of flutamide

Answer 23

Impairs androgen receptor stimulation

Question 24

Effects of adiponectin secretion

Answer 24

Enhances insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation

Question 25

Mechanism of action of bicalutamide

Answer 25

Testosterone receptor antagonist

Question 26

Mechanism of action of danazol

Answer 26

Synthetic steroid with androgenic and antiestrogenic effects

Question 27

Gonadotropin that is more elevated in puberty

Answer 27

LH

Question 28

Diuretics that decrease plasma calcium levels

Answer 28

Loop diuretics