Phisiology Flashcards
Parasympathetic input of the hindgut comes from which nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Layer of the pylorus that gets hypertrophied in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Muscularis externa
Digestive tract developmental defect that is associated with the development of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Intestinal malrotation
Small bowel atresias are due to what developmental pathologic process
Vascular accidents (midgut)
Volvulus develops from midgut malrotation during which developmental weeks
6th to 10th
Defective closure of the lateral body folds leads to what pathology
Gastroschisis
Derivatives of the dorsal pancreatic bud
Neck, body, and tail
Derivatives of the ventral pancreatic bud
Head and uncinate process
A failure of the pancreatic ducts to fuse leads to what pathology
Pancreas divisum
Mucus-secreting glands lie within which layer of the gut wall
Submucosa
Location and function of Meissner’s plexus
- Located in the submucosa
- Parasympathetic input
- Secretory motor innervation
Location and function of Auerbach’s plexus
- Located between the muscle layers of the muscularis externa
- Parasympathetic and sympathetic input
- Intrinsic motility and peristalsis
Describe the blood supply to the esophagus (upper, middle, and lower thirds)
- Upper: inferior thyroid artery branches
- Middle: bronchial arteries and aorta
- Lower: inferior phrenic artery and left gastric artery branches
Part of the esophagus that is drained by the portal system
The lower third
Describe the blood supply to the stomach
- Left gastric artery (celiac trunk)
- Right gastric artery (common hepatic)
- Right gastroepiploic (gastroduodenal)
- Left gastroepiploic (splenic)
- Short gastric arteries (splenic)
Type of cells that secrete pepsinogen
Chief cells
Parts of the duodenum that are retroperitoneal
2nd, 3rd, and 4th portions
Layer of the ileum with Peyer’s patches
Submucosa
Type of cell that secretes CCK
I cell (duodenum)
Type of cell that secretes GIP
K cell (duodenum)
Actions of GIP
- Decrease gastric secretion
* Increase insulin release
Type of cell that secretes secretin
S cell (duodenum)
Actions of secretin
- Decrease gastric secretion and motility
* Increases bicarbonate secretion
Actions of VIP
- Increase water and electrolyte secretion
* Increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters
Type of cell that secretes motilin
M cells (mainly)
Parts of the large intestine that are secondarily retroperitoneal
Ascending and descending colon
The cystic artery arises from which artery
Right hepatic artery
Order of the structures, lateral to medial, in the femoral region
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Femoral lymphatics
Failure of the ventral and dorsal parts of the pancreas to fuse, and development of pancreas divisum, occurs during which developmental week
8th
Origin of the spleen
Mesentery of the stomach (hence, its mesodermal!)
Ligament that contains the portal triad
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Posterior duodenal ulcer have increased risk of perforating which artery, causing hemorrhage
Gastroduodenal artery
Somatic innervation to the anal canal below the pectinate line
Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve
Enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of bile-acid synthesis
Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase
Part of the duodenum that marks the end of the foregut and the start of the midgut
Ampula of Vater
Parts of the crypts of Lieberkühn that are in charge of reabsorption and secretion
- Tip: absorption
* Base: secretion
Absorption of folate takes place in which part of the small intestine
Jejunum
Where are gastrin-releasing cells (G cells) located anatomically
- Antrum of the stomach
* Duodenum
Receptor type, G protein, and signaling pathway of gastrin
- CCKb
- Gq
- IP3 pathway
GI hormone that helps maintain the strength and integrity of gastric lining
Gastrin
