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Gastrointestinal Kaplan > Phisiology > Flashcards

Phisiology Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic input of the hindgut comes from which nerves

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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2
Q

Layer of the pylorus that gets hypertrophied in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Muscularis externa

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3
Q

Digestive tract developmental defect that is associated with the development of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Intestinal malrotation

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4
Q

Small bowel atresias are due to what developmental pathologic process

A

Vascular accidents (midgut)

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5
Q

Volvulus develops from midgut malrotation during which developmental weeks

A

6th to 10th

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6
Q

Defective closure of the lateral body folds leads to what pathology

A

Gastroschisis

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7
Q

Derivatives of the dorsal pancreatic bud

A

Neck, body, and tail

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8
Q

Derivatives of the ventral pancreatic bud

A

Head and uncinate process

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9
Q

A failure of the pancreatic ducts to fuse leads to what pathology

A

Pancreas divisum

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10
Q

Mucus-secreting glands lie within which layer of the gut wall

A

Submucosa

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11
Q

Location and function of Meissner’s plexus

A
  • Located in the submucosa
  • Parasympathetic input
  • Secretory motor innervation
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12
Q

Location and function of Auerbach’s plexus

A
  • Located between the muscle layers of the muscularis externa
  • Parasympathetic and sympathetic input
  • Intrinsic motility and peristalsis
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13
Q

Describe the blood supply to the esophagus (upper, middle, and lower thirds)

A
  • Upper: inferior thyroid artery branches
  • Middle: bronchial arteries and aorta
  • Lower: inferior phrenic artery and left gastric artery branches
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14
Q

Part of the esophagus that is drained by the portal system

A

The lower third

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15
Q

Describe the blood supply to the stomach

A
  • Left gastric artery (celiac trunk)
  • Right gastric artery (common hepatic)
  • Right gastroepiploic (gastroduodenal)
  • Left gastroepiploic (splenic)
  • Short gastric arteries (splenic)
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16
Q

Type of cells that secrete pepsinogen

A

Chief cells

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17
Q

Parts of the duodenum that are retroperitoneal

A

2nd, 3rd, and 4th portions

18
Q

Layer of the ileum with Peyer’s patches

A

Submucosa

19
Q

Type of cell that secretes CCK

A

I cell (duodenum)

20
Q

Type of cell that secretes GIP

A

K cell (duodenum)

21
Q

Actions of GIP

A
  • Decrease gastric secretion

* Increase insulin release

22
Q

Type of cell that secretes secretin

A

S cell (duodenum)

23
Q

Actions of secretin

A
  • Decrease gastric secretion and motility

* Increases bicarbonate secretion

24
Q

Actions of VIP

A
  • Increase water and electrolyte secretion

* Increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

25
Q

Type of cell that secretes motilin

A

M cells (mainly)

26
Q

Parts of the large intestine that are secondarily retroperitoneal

A

Ascending and descending colon

27
Q

The cystic artery arises from which artery

A

Right hepatic artery

28
Q

Order of the structures, lateral to medial, in the femoral region

A
  • Femoral nerve
  • Femoral artery
  • Femoral vein
  • Femoral lymphatics
29
Q

Failure of the ventral and dorsal parts of the pancreas to fuse, and development of pancreas divisum, occurs during which developmental week

A

8th

30
Q

Origin of the spleen

A

Mesentery of the stomach (hence, its mesodermal!)

31
Q

Ligament that contains the portal triad

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

32
Q

Posterior duodenal ulcer have increased risk of perforating which artery, causing hemorrhage

A

Gastroduodenal artery

33
Q

Somatic innervation to the anal canal below the pectinate line

A

Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve

34
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of bile-acid synthesis

A

Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase

35
Q

Part of the duodenum that marks the end of the foregut and the start of the midgut

A

Ampula of Vater

36
Q

Parts of the crypts of Lieberkühn that are in charge of reabsorption and secretion

A
  • Tip: absorption

* Base: secretion

37
Q

Absorption of folate takes place in which part of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

38
Q

Where are gastrin-releasing cells (G cells) located anatomically

A
  • Antrum of the stomach

* Duodenum

39
Q

Receptor type, G protein, and signaling pathway of gastrin

A
  • CCKb
  • Gq
  • IP3 pathway
40
Q

GI hormone that helps maintain the strength and integrity of gastric lining

A

Gastrin

Gastrointestinal Kaplan (3 decks)

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