Pathology Flashcards
Most common salivary gland tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
Salivary gland tumor that is surrounded by stromal tissue with lymphoid germinal centers and multiple papillae
Warthin’s tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
Most common malignant salivary tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Affected muscle in Zenker’s diverticulum
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor (cricopharyngeal part)
A Schatzki ring can present with dysphagia to which type of food
Solids
Triad of Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- Glossitis
- Dysphagia due to esophageal webs
- Iron deficiency anemia
Most common type of esophageal cancer in the US
Adenocarcinoma
Pathology that presents with diffuse hyperplasia of surface mucus-secreting cells and decrease of parietal cells (in the stomach)
Ménétrier disease
Ménétrier disease is associated to which pathologies
- Protein-losing gastropathy
* Hypochloridia
Growth factor that is increased in Ménetrier disease
TGF-alpha
Food intake relieves pain caused by which type of ulcers
Duodenal ulcers
Name the 2 places of distant metastases seen in gastric carcinoma
- Left supraclavicular lymph nodes (Virchow’s sentinel nodes)
- Ovaries (Krukenberg tumors)
HLAs associated with celiac sprue
DQ2 and 8
Characteristic endoscopic appearance of the duodenum in patients with celiac sprue
“Cracked-mud” appearance of the mucosa
Characteristic biopsy finding of the intestine in Whipple disease
- Lamina propria infiltrated with macrophages
* Intracellular gram + organisms
Microbiologic characteristics of Trophyrema whipplei
- PAS positive
- Gram positive
- Rod-shaped bacillus
First line treatment of Whipple disease
Ceftriaxone followed by 1 year of TMP/SMX
*Penicillin or streptomycin in case of sulfa allergy
Most common site of presentation of ulcerative colitis
Rectum
Inflammatory bowel disease that develops pseudopolyps
Ulcerative colitis
Complication seen in ulcerative colitis
Toxic megacolon
HLA associated with ulcerative colitis
HLA-B27
Adverse effects of infliximab
- Fever and hypotension
* Increased risk of infection (reactivation of latent TB); do PPD screening before use
Areas at risk in ischemic bowel disease
- Watershed areas
* Splenic flexure of the colon
Risk factors for intestinal angiodysplasias
- Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
* CREST syndrome
Etiology of melanosis coli
Laxative abuse
Typical macroscopic presentation of right-sided adenocarcinoma of the colon
Polypoid mass
Most accurate test for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis
Secretin test
Pancreatic tumor associated with migratory necrolytic dermatitis and diabetes
Glucagonoma
Pancreatic tumor associated with diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achloridia
VIPoma
Urobilinogen levels are increased in which jaundice pattern
Hemolytic
Difference between Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndromes
Black pigmentation of the liver
Biopsy findings in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
PAS positive, diastase-resistant eosinophilic globules within hepatocytes
Theoretical pathophysiology of Reye syndrome
Toxins induce mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid beta oxidation
Rare, benign hepatic tumor that is associated with oral contraceptive use
Hepatocellular adenoma
Most common type of tracheoesophageal anomaly
Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula
Part of the duodenum that is encircled by an annular pancreas
2nd part
Signet-ring cells are characteristic of which type of gastric carcinoma
Diffuse adenocarcinoma
Symptom that suggest a malginant salivary gland tumor
Facial pain or paralysis due to involvement of CN 7
Histological characteristics of a pleomorphic adenoma
Chondromyxoid stroma and epithelium
Macroscopic characteristics of HSV-1 and CMV ulcers in the esophagus
- HSV-1 ulcers are punched-out
* CMV ulcers are linear
Pathophysiology of Curling ulcers
“Stress ulcers”, due to hypovolemia that leads to mucosal ischemia (eg, burns)
Pathophysiology of Cushing ulcers
A brain injury leads to increase in vagal stimulation, leading to increase parasympathetic input and increase HCl production
H. pylori increases risk of developing which type of gastric cancer
MALT lymphoma
Type of adenomatous polyp with greater malignant potential
Villous type
Aminotransferase that is more elevated in alcoholic liver disease
AST
Mallory bodies are found in which pathology
Alcoholic hepatitis
Histologic description of Mallory bodies
Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions of damaged keratin filaments
Arsenic and vinyl chloride are associated with which liver tumor
Angiosarcoma
Treatment for Criggler-Najar syndrome type 2
Phenopbarbital (increases liver enzyme synthesis)
Layer of the cornea in which copper is deposited in Wilson disease
Descement membrane, leads to Kayser-Fleischer rings
HLA that is associated with hemochromatosis
HLA-A3
p-ANCA positive biliary tract disease
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are associated to which biliary tract disease
Primary biliary cholangitis
Lymph nodes affected in esophageal carcinoma
- Upper third: cervical nodes
- Middle third: mediastinal or tracheobronchial nodes
- Lower third: celiac and gastric nodes
Autoimmune chronic gastritis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity
Type 4
Chromogranin positive tumor of the small intestine
Carcinoid tumor
Increase in which enzyme is associated to progression from adenoma to carcinoma
Cyclooxigenase
*Therefore, aspirin is protective
What is a Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus
Herniation of gallbladder mucosa into the muscular wall
Conditions associated to familial adenomatous polyposis in Gardner syndrom
- Osteomas
- Lipomas
- Fibromatosis
- Epidermal inclusion cysts
Syndrome that includes familial adenomatous polyposis with central nervous system tumors (gliomas)
Turcot syndrome
Triad of somatostatinoma
- Diabetes
- Steatorrhea
- Gallstones
Plummer-Vinson syndrome predisposes patients to develop which type of esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
