Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacologic treatment of glucagonoma and somatostatinoma

Answer 1

• Octreotide

* Interferon alpha

Question 2

H2 blockers produce a reversible or irreversible block

Answer 2

Reversible

Question 3

H2 blockers that decrease renal excretion of creatinine

Answer 3

Cimetidine and ranitidine

Question 4

Proton pump inhibitors produce a reversible or irreversible block

Answer 4

Irreversible

Question 5

Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 5

• Increased risk of C difficile infection
• Pneumonia
• Decrease in serum Mg (long-term)

Question 6

Decrease in which electrolyte is a common side effect of all antacids

Answer 6

Potassium

Question 7

Most important side effects of aluminum hydroxide

Answer 7

• Constipation

* Hypophosphatemia

Question 8

Mechanism of action of misoprostol

Answer 8

PGE1 analog

Question 9

Reversible oligospermia is a side effect of which gastrointestinal drug

Answer 9

Sulfasalazine

Question 10

Mechanism of action of loperamide

Answer 10

Agonist at mu receptors

Question 11

Only serotonin receptor that is not G-coupled

Answer 11

HT3

Question 12

DOC in vomiting caused by gastrointestinal irritation

Answer 12

Ondansetron (there is increased serotonin secretion in these states)

Question 13

DOC for migraine vomiting

Answer 13

Metoclopramide

Question 14

Mechanism of action of senna

Answer 14

Enteric nerve stimulation, leading to colonic contraction

Question 15

Etiologic agent of melanosis coli

Answer 15

Senna

Question 16

Mechanism of action of aprepitant

Answer 16

Substance P antagonist that block NK1 receptors in the brain

Question 17

Clinical use of aprepitant

Answer 17

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Question 18

CNS area that is affected by metoclopramide and ondansetron

Answer 18

Area postrema in the medulla (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

Question 19

Mechanism through which metoclopramide promotes motility

Answer 19

Increase in the sensitivity to acetylcholine

Question 20

Docusate belongs to which types of laxatives

Answer 20

Stool softener

Question 21

Examples of irritant laxatives

Answer 21

• Castor oil
• Senna
• Bisacodyl

Question 22

Mechanism of action of irritant laxatives

Answer 22

Decrease water reabsorption and stimulate secretion

Question 23

Examples of lubricating laxatives

Answer 23

• Mineral oil

* Glycerin

Question 24

Mechanism of action of ursodiol/ursodeoxycholic acid

Answer 24

Concentrates in bile and decreases biliary cholesterol by suppresing by suppressing hepatic synthesis and secretion of cholesterol as well as inhibiting its intestinal absorption, leading to partial solubilization of cholesterol from gallstones

Question 25

First-line chelating agent used in arsenic poisoning

Answer 25

Dimercaprol

Question 26

Reason for which opioid analgesics are contraindicated in hypotensive patients

Answer 26

They stimulate the release of histamine, leading to vasodilation of blood vessels and itching