Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Philosophy Quizzes Q3 > Philosophy Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Philosophy Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of philosophy?

A

Love of Knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a. Philos = ________
b. Sophy or Sophia = __________

A

a. Love
b. Wisdom/Knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who stated that “Philosophy is seeking the truth.”?

A

Socrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who was the first philosopher in the West? (624 & 546 BCE)

A

Thales of Miletus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What principle (?) is Thales of Miletus known for?

A

Unifying Principle of Diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Thales of Miletus, what was his primary/originating principle?

A

WATER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was Thales’ reasonings for believing that water is the primary principle?

A
  • Can move by itself
  • Every living thing needs it
  • Creates Earth
  • Explained the state of matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This is a way of looking at the picture as a whole or on a bigger level/perspective.

A

Holistic Perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to holistic perspective, “the _____ we look, the _____ we see.”

A

closer; less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

René Descartes stated that “Your knowledge is like _________”

A

Building blocks.

You needed the previous steps/knowledge to have a whole understanding about a concept.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cogito Ergo Sum meaning:

A

“I think therefore I am”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The nature of knowledge; (5)

A

The Good
The Existence
The Truth
The Just
The Beautiful

GET JB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Consciousness and Existence must exist in the same time because;
- In existence: “There will be _________ to know”
- In consciousness: “There will be ____________ to know”

A
  • nothing
  • no one
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“The Truth is a Whole”
by ________________

A

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“To find the one in many”
by _________________

A

Thales of Miletus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 5 branches of Philosophy?

A

Politics, Aesthetics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics

PAEME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Episteme meaning __________

A

knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Branches. In ___________, this is what we focus on.
a. Epistemology
b. Metaphysics
c. Ethics
d. Politics
e. Aesthetics

A

a. THE TRUTH: What is true and not: Knowledge
b. THE EXISTENCE: Everything beyond matter: Real or Not: Nature of Reality
c. THE JUST: Morality: What is just and unjust
d. THE GOOD: citizens: “polis” or city”: right way to govern
e. THE BEAUTY: beauty and the study of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the philosophic tool?

A

Philosophical Questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of philosophical questions?

A

Socratic Method & Dialectical Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions. By who?

A

Socratic Method by Socrates

Doesn’t have contradictions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments. By who?

A

Dialectical Method by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Does have contradictions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

According to ____________________, “All mental phenomenon are intentional and only mental phenomenon are intentional.”

A

Franz Brentano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two types of logical reasoning?

A

Inductive Reasoning & Deductive Reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Difference of Deductive Reasoning & Inductive Reasoning

A

Inductive: IN, Specific to General.
Deductive: Deduct, General to Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Two types of Philosophical Reflection, and who is it by?

A

Primary Reflection & Secondary Reflection
by Gabriel Marcel

27
Q

Traditional definition of knowledge is: (3)

A

Justified, True, Belief

28
Q

5 ways of Acquiring Knowledge:

A

Proposition, Inference, Concept, Perception, Reality

PIC PRe

29
Q

Acquire Knowledge. “Something” is what philosophers call ________. Existence, Being.
Existence is everything there is, Universe.

A

REALITY

30
Q

Acquire Knowledge. SENSES gives us knowledge of things or entities.

a. __________ calls this “Primary Substance”
this of certain aspects: qualities, quantities, relationships, actions.

A

PERCEPTION

a. Aristotle

31
Q

Acquire Knowledge. Things we perceive are similar to others.

A

CONCEPT

32
Q

Acquire Knowledge. A statement that expresses either an assertion or a denial. In declarative sentence.

A

PROPOSITION

33
Q

Acquire Knowledge. Argument in a group of statements. The premises provide support to believe a conclusion.

A

INFERENCE

34
Q

What are the two types of abstraction from abstractions?

A

a. Wider Generalization
b. Subdivisions

35
Q

Difference of Rationalist & Empiricist:

A

Rationalist: Knowledge is derived from reason.
- Question things based on provable ideas and logic
- Backed up by scientific evidences
- Seldom trust senses (they aren’t reliable)

Empiricist: Knowledge is derived from experience.
- Sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts/knowledge
- Opt for skepticism as alternative to rationalism
- If experience can’t provide the knowledge, then that ain’t reliable yet.
- Gain knowledge through interaction of surrounding, trust senses.

36
Q

Truth is the
a. quality or state of ________________
b. a ________ or _______ that is accepted as true

A

a. being true
b. fact; belief

37
Q

Difference between fact and truth:

A

FACT will remain as a fact
TRUTH may experience changes

38
Q

What are the two parts of epistemology?

A

Acquiring Knowledge & Validating Knowledge

39
Q

Difference between truth and opinion

A

Opinion: Based on emotions
- open to interpretation
- cannot be confirmed
- inherently biased

Truth: Based on facts of reality
- confirmed with other sources
- independent of interpretation, pref, or biases

40
Q

What are the three theories of truth?

A

Correspondence Theory of Truth
Coherence Theory of Truth
Pragmatic Theory of Truth

41
Q

TheoryOfT. A belief that is true if it that with something that exist in the world.

A

Correspondence ToT

42
Q

TheoryOfT. A belief is true if it that with a body of other statements that we take to be true.

A

Coherence ToT

43
Q

TheoryOfT. A belief is true if a person believing it helps them to achieve one or more of their goals.

A

Pragmatic ToT

44
Q

Misconception about Correspondence ToT:

A

“A belief is true when we are able to confirm it with reality.”

Distinction must be made between facts and belief
fact =/ true or false, belief may be t or f

45
Q

Misconception about Coherence ToT:

A

“By simply checking if the statement or beliefs agrees with the way things are, we can know the truth.”

Belief can be part of larger system of further inaccurate descriptions of reality

46
Q

Misconception about Pragmatic ToT:

A

A belief/statement is true if it has a useful application in the world.”

Useful belief is NOT NECESSARILY true, useful =/ true

47
Q

It is to reason in the manner of a philosopher.
- Kind of discourse on reality; essentially tied up with a man’s openness towards the reality which is being verbalized.

A

Philosophizing

48
Q

The reality of a person is based on their ______________.

A

consciousness

49
Q

Who is the modern founder of phenomenology?

A

Edmund Husserl

50
Q

It is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from a first-person point of view.

A

Phenomenology

51
Q

The central structure of an experience is its?

A

intentionality

52
Q

The truth might be based on ones attitude or ______.

A

outlook

53
Q

This is the concept that individuals have to take responsibility for their own actions and shape their own destinies.

A

Existentialism

54
Q

Existentialism. Humans posses ____________ and stand in absurd and meaningless world or universe.

A

free will

55
Q

The truth is __________. Some things cannot be explained by science.

A

diverse

56
Q

It is the idea that reality is not mirrored to human understanding, but rather constructed as individuals find their own reality.

A

Postmodernism

57
Q

Who founded Existentialism?

A

Soren Kierkegaard (Theist)

58
Q

Who said that “existence precedes essence”?

A

Jean Paul Sartre (Atheist)

59
Q

Who founded postmodernism?

A

Jean Francois Lyotard

60
Q

Before science, logic, reason, emotion, etc., ones should know the ___________.

A

language

61
Q

This focuses more on the use of process of logic and rational discourse than on the subject itself.

A

Analytical Tradition

62
Q

This is based on the belief that a statement is meaningful only if it is proven true or false through experimentation.

A

Analytical Tradition

63
Q

This is the science and art of correct thinking.

A

Logic

64
Q

This helps us to uncover biases and prejudice and open to new ideas, not necessarily agreement with the previous thought.

A

Critical Thinking

Philosophy Quizzes Q3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions