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Philosophy Quizzes Q3 > Philosophy Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Philosophy Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of philosophy?

A

Love of Knowledge

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2
Q

a. Philos = ________
b. Sophy or Sophia = __________

A

a. Love
b. Wisdom/Knowledge

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3
Q

Who stated that “Philosophy is seeking the truth.”?

A

Socrates

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4
Q

Who was the first philosopher in the West? (624 & 546 BCE)

A

Thales of Miletus

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5
Q

What principle (?) is Thales of Miletus known for?

A

Unifying Principle of Diversity

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6
Q

According to Thales of Miletus, what was his primary/originating principle?

A

WATER

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7
Q

What was Thales’ reasonings for believing that water is the primary principle?

A
  • Can move by itself
  • Every living thing needs it
  • Creates Earth
  • Explained the state of matter
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8
Q

This is a way of looking at the picture as a whole or on a bigger level/perspective.

A

Holistic Perspective

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9
Q

According to holistic perspective, “the _____ we look, the _____ we see.”

A

closer; less

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10
Q

René Descartes stated that “Your knowledge is like _________”

A

Building blocks.

You needed the previous steps/knowledge to have a whole understanding about a concept.

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11
Q

Cogito Ergo Sum meaning:

A

“I think therefore I am”

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12
Q

The nature of knowledge; (5)

A

The Good
The Existence
The Truth
The Just
The Beautiful

GET JB

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13
Q

Consciousness and Existence must exist in the same time because;
- In existence: “There will be _________ to know”
- In consciousness: “There will be ____________ to know”

A
  • nothing
  • no one
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14
Q

“The Truth is a Whole”
by ________________

A

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

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15
Q

“To find the one in many”
by _________________

A

Thales of Miletus

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16
Q

What are the 5 branches of Philosophy?

A

Politics, Aesthetics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics

PAEME

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17
Q

Episteme meaning __________

A

knowledge

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18
Q

Branches. In ___________, this is what we focus on.
a. Epistemology
b. Metaphysics
c. Ethics
d. Politics
e. Aesthetics

A

a. THE TRUTH: What is true and not: Knowledge
b. THE EXISTENCE: Everything beyond matter: Real or Not: Nature of Reality
c. THE JUST: Morality: What is just and unjust
d. THE GOOD: citizens: “polis” or city”: right way to govern
e. THE BEAUTY: beauty and the study of it

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19
Q

What is the philosophic tool?

A

Philosophical Questions

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20
Q

What are the two types of philosophical questions?

A

Socratic Method & Dialectical Method

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21
Q

This is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions. By who?

A

Socratic Method by Socrates

Doesn’t have contradictions.

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22
Q

This is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments. By who?

A

Dialectical Method by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Does have contradictions.

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23
Q

According to ____________________, “All mental phenomenon are intentional and only mental phenomenon are intentional.”

A

Franz Brentano

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24
Q

What are the two types of logical reasoning?

A

Inductive Reasoning & Deductive Reasoning

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25
Difference of Deductive Reasoning & Inductive Reasoning
Inductive: IN, Specific to General. Deductive: Deduct, General to Specific
26
Two types of Philosophical Reflection, and who is it by?
Primary Reflection & Secondary Reflection by Gabriel Marcel
27
Traditional definition of knowledge is: (3)
Justified, True, Belief
28
5 ways of Acquiring Knowledge:
Proposition, Inference, Concept, Perception, Reality PIC PRe
29
Acquire Knowledge. "Something" is what philosophers call ________. Existence, Being. Existence is everything there is, Universe.
REALITY
30
Acquire Knowledge. SENSES gives us knowledge of things or entities. a. __________ calls this "Primary Substance" *this* of certain aspects: qualities, quantities, relationships, actions.
PERCEPTION a. Aristotle
31
Acquire Knowledge. Things we perceive are similar to others.
CONCEPT
32
Acquire Knowledge. A statement that expresses either an assertion or a denial. In declarative sentence.
PROPOSITION
33
Acquire Knowledge. Argument in a group of statements. The premises provide support to believe a conclusion.
INFERENCE
34
What are the two types of abstraction from abstractions?
a. Wider Generalization b. Subdivisions
35
Difference of Rationalist & Empiricist:
Rationalist: Knowledge is derived from reason. - Question things based on provable ideas and logic - Backed up by scientific evidences - Seldom trust senses (they aren't reliable) Empiricist: Knowledge is derived from experience. - Sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts/knowledge - Opt for skepticism as alternative to rationalism - If experience can't provide the knowledge, then that ain't reliable yet. - Gain knowledge through interaction of surrounding, trust senses.
36
Truth is the a. quality or state of ________________ b. a ________ or _______ that is accepted as true
a. being true b. fact; belief
37
Difference between fact and truth:
FACT will remain as a fact TRUTH may experience changes
38
What are the two parts of epistemology?
Acquiring Knowledge & Validating Knowledge
39
Difference between truth and opinion
Opinion: Based on emotions - open to interpretation - cannot be confirmed - inherently biased Truth: Based on facts of reality - confirmed with other sources - independent of interpretation, pref, or biases
40
What are the three theories of truth?
Correspondence Theory of Truth Coherence Theory of Truth Pragmatic Theory of Truth
41
TheoryOfT. A belief that is true if it *that* with something that exist in the world.
Correspondence ToT
42
TheoryOfT. A belief is true if it *that* with a body of other statements that we take to be true.
Coherence ToT
43
TheoryOfT. A belief is true if a person believing it helps them to achieve one or more of their goals.
Pragmatic ToT
44
Misconception about Correspondence ToT:
“A belief is true when we are able to confirm it with reality.” Distinction must be made between facts and belief fact =/ true or false, belief may be t or f
45
Misconception about Coherence ToT:
“By simply checking if the statement or beliefs agrees with the way things are, we can know the truth.” Belief can be part of larger system of further inaccurate descriptions of reality
46
Misconception about Pragmatic ToT:
A belief/statement is true if it has a useful application in the world.” Useful belief is NOT NECESSARILY true, useful =/ true
47
It is to reason in the manner of a philosopher. - Kind of discourse on reality; essentially tied up with a man's openness towards the reality which is being verbalized.
Philosophizing
48
The reality of a person is based on their ______________.
consciousness
49
Who is the modern founder of phenomenology?
Edmund Husserl
50
It is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from a first-person point of view.
Phenomenology
51
The central structure of an experience is its?
intentionality
52
The truth might be based on ones attitude or ______.
outlook
53
This is the concept that individuals have to take responsibility for their own actions and shape their own destinies.
Existentialism
54
Existentialism. Humans posses ____________ and stand in absurd and meaningless world or universe.
free will
55
The truth is __________. Some things cannot be explained by science.
diverse
56
It is the idea that reality is not mirrored to human understanding, but rather constructed as individuals find their own reality.
Postmodernism
57
Who founded Existentialism?
Soren Kierkegaard (Theist)
58
Who said that "existence precedes essence"?
Jean Paul Sartre (Atheist)
59
Who founded postmodernism?
Jean Francois Lyotard
60
Before science, logic, reason, emotion, etc., ones should know the ___________.
language
61
This focuses more on the use of process of logic and rational discourse than on the subject itself.
Analytical Tradition
62
This is based on the belief that a statement is meaningful only if it is proven true or false through experimentation.
Analytical Tradition
63
This is the science and art of correct thinking.
Logic
64
This helps us to uncover biases and prejudice and open to new ideas, not necessarily agreement with the previous thought.
Critical Thinking

Philosophy Quizzes Q3 (4 decks)

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