Fallacies

Question 1

Attacks can take the form of overtly attacking somebody, or more subtly casting doubt on their character or personal attributes as a way to discredit their argument.

Answer 1

ad hominem

ATTACKING THE PERSON

Question 2

A person makes an implicit or explicit threat of physical or psychological violence if they refuse to accept the conclusion offered to them.

Answer 2

ad baculum

APPEAL TO FORCE

Question 3

Committed when pity or a related emotion such as sympathy, mercy, or compassion is illicitly appealed to for the sake of getting a conclusion accepted.

Answer 3

ad misericordiam

APPEAL TO PITY

Question 4

Consists in maintaining that something has the nature of truth when it’s accepted by public opinion, instead of for logical reasons. It’s often used in the field of advertising.

Answer 4

ad populum

APPEAL TO PEOPLE/ BANDWAGON

Question 5

A common logical fallacy based on the assumption that a traditional practice must be good, or better than its newer alternative.

Answer 5

ad tradition

APPEAL TO TRADITION

Question 6

Argues that a proposition must be true because it has not been proven false or there is no evidence against it.

Answer 6

ad ignorantiam

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE

Question 7

Occurs when a person’s argument repeats what they already assumed before — without arriving at a new conclusion

Answer 7

petitio principii

CIRCULAR ARGUMENT / begging the question

Question 8

A claim based on a few examples rather than substantial proof. Arguments that doesn’t hold up due to lack of supporting evidences.

Answer 8

Hasty Generalization

Question 9

The assumption that one event causes the other since they are associated or typically occur together.

Answer 9

Fallacy of Cause and Effect

Question 10

A logical fallacy that involves inferring that an idea/concept is true as a whole just from the fact that it is true for some part of it.

Answer 10

Fallacy of Composition

Part –> Whole

Question 11

It involves the inference that an idea/concept must be true for some of its parts just because it is true as a whole.

Answer 11

Fallacy of Division

Whole –> Part

Question 12

The error of using a particular expression in multiple senses or meanings that renders confusion and deceit throughout the argument.

Answer 12

Fallacy of Equivocation

Question 13

It is when a person answers the criticism with criticism, or turns the argument back to the other person.

Answer 13

tu quoque

APPEAL TO HYPOCRISY

Question 14

Etymology of tu quoque:

Answer 14

Latin tu (“you”), quoque (“also”), “you too”

Question 15

This may imply that the presence of authority or respected person automatically supports the argument when it actually may not.

Answer 15

ad verecundiam

APPEAL TO AUTHORITY

Question 16

It is a tactic of diversion in which irrelevant or extraneous information is presented to avoid the original topic.

Answer 16

Red Herring Fallacy

Question 17

When a person refutes the other’s argument by distorting or exaggerating the actual reasoning.

Answer 17

Strawman Fallacy