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Philosophy > Philosophy of Mind Vocab > Flashcards

Philosophy of Mind Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Alexander of Aphrodisias’ idea that something of the soul survives beyond death

A

Active Intellect

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2
Q

Opposite of potential, when something is fully realised (e.g. the dancer who is dancing as opposed to the dancer at rest)

A

Actual

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3
Q

2nd century commentator on Aristotle, creator of the idea of the Active Intellect

A

Alexander of Aphrodisias

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4
Q

Plato’s allegory of the philosopher’s ascent from the world of the senses (unreal) to the world of the forms (real)

A

Allegory of the cave

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5
Q

Medieval philosopher who tried to reconcile Aristotle’s hylomorphism with Christian belief in the immortality of the soul

A

Thomas Aquinas

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6
Q

Ancient philosopher, pupil of Plato, author of De Anima

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

The idea that rationality and consciousness can be acquired by a computer

A

Artificial Intelligence

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8
Q

The spiritual tradition in Christianity that emphasises the punishment or conquest of our physical bodies for the benefit of our souls

A

Ascetic tradition

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9
Q

Christian theologian and philosopher of the 4th century, neoplatonist

A

Augustine

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10
Q

A simulation of a human form which moves but has no life

A

Automaton

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11
Q

Created by Gilbert Ryle, the view that the mind is only what the behaviour of human beings reveals

A

Behaviourism

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12
Q

The organ that many neuroscientists believe is the seat of consciousness

A

Brain

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13
Q

The precise disposition of neutrons required to produce a particular mental state

A

Brain state

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14
Q

The philosopher of Descartes

A

Cartesianism

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15
Q

When an argument mistakenly assumes that two things belong to the same category when they do not (e.g. mind and body)

A

Category Error

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16
Q

A group of medieval heretics who believe that God created the soul and an evil God created the body

A

Catharism

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17
Q

1949 book by Gilbert Ryle that attacked substance dualism

A

The Concept of Mind

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18
Q

A form of self-awareness distinctive of the mind

A

Consciousness

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19
Q

Descartes’ famous statement ‘I think, therefore I am’

A

Cogito

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20
Q

Aristotle’s famous treatise ‘On the Soul’

A

De Anime

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21
Q

Contemporary American philosopher, leading mind-brain identity theorist

A

Daniel Dennett

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22
Q

French philosopher, creator of substance dualism

A

René Descartes

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23
Q

Early analogue computer created by Charles Babbage in the 19th century that may have undermined Leibniz’s Mill

A

Difference Engine

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24
Q

The chemicals that code for life, with a similar function to Aristotle’s idea of the soul

A

DNA

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25
Q

The view that the body and the mind are two distinct substances and that personal identity resides entirely in an immaterial soul

A

Dualism (Substance Dualism)

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26
Q

The imaginary demon that Descartes imagines might be deceiving us about all our sensory impressions, including our perception that we have bodies

A

Evil Demon

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27
Q

An argument that contains deep structural flaws in the reasoning behind it

A

Fallacy

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28
Q

In Plato’s philosophy, the inner natures of things that exist in the world of ideas

A

Forms

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29
Q

Gilbert Ryle’s argument that it makes no sense for an immaterial soul to interact with a material body

A

Ghost in the Machine

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30
Q

An operation separating the two hemispheres of someone’s brain

A

Hemispherectomy

31
Q

People who disagree with the accepted truth in a religion

A

Heretics

32
Q

A problem with substance dualism that creates an infinite regress: if the should moves the body, what moves the soul?

A

Homunculus Problem

33
Q

Aristotle’s belief that the soul is the form of the body of a living thing

A

Hylomorphism

34
Q

The belief that the world of ideas, not matter, is the true reality

A

Idealism

35
Q

Something that is of spiritual, non-material substance (e.g. the soul, God)

A

Immaterial

36
Q

The idea that the soul lives forever

A

Immortality of the soul

37
Q

A type of argument that creates more questions than it answers

A

Infinite Regress

38
Q

The philosophers of the Muslim world (e.g. Avicenna and Averroes) who were influences by Alexander of Aphrodisias’ idea of the Active Intellect

A

Islamic Philosophers

39
Q

German philosopher, creator of Leibniz’ Mill

A

Gottfried Leibniz

40
Q

The idea that nothing can be both true and false at the same time

A

Leibniz’s law

41
Q

Leibniz’s argument that complexity cannot create consciousness, which is therefore a simple property: an argument in favour of substance dualism

A

Leibniz’s Mill

42
Q

The belief that nothing exists apart from matter

A

Materialism

43
Q

Descartes 1641 book in which he put forward the idea of universal doubt

A

Meditations

44
Q

The mental aspect of human existence

A

Mind

45
Q

The belief that a complete understanding of the physical properties of the brain will yield complete understanding of the mind

A

Mind-Brain Identity Theory

46
Q

Thought experiment by Frank Jackson

A

Monochromatic Mary

47
Q

The idea that your mental state could be realised in more than one brain state, or in more than one way

A

Multiple realisability

48
Q

Plato’s myth of reincarnation in Book 10 of The Republic

A

Myth of Er

49
Q

The revival of Platonism in Late Antiquity that strongly influenced early Christianity

A

Neoplatonism

50
Q

The branch of science that studies the brain

A

Neuroscience

51
Q

20th century philosopher of mind, creator of thought experiments involving having your brain removed etc

A

Derek Parfit

52
Q

What makes ‘me’ ‘me’

A

Personal identity

53
Q

What something feels like, the experience of something

A

Phenomenology

54
Q

The philosophical study of areas relating to personal identity, the soul, and the relationship between mind and body

A

Philosophy of Mind

55
Q

The belief that the soul can be understood in terms of the physical body (similar to materialism and mind-brain identity theory)

A

Physicalism

56
Q

Ancient Athenian philosopher, creator of the theory of forms

A

Plato

57
Q

Opposite of actual, when something could be something but is not at the present time

A

Potential

58
Q

Greek word for ‘mind or ‘soul’

A

Psyché

59
Q

The idea that minds/souls receive new bodies after death

A

Reincarnation

60
Q

Plato’s most famous dialogue, containing the Allegory of the Cave and the Myth of Er

A

The Republic

61
Q

The idea the everyone will be raised up and receive new bodies at the end of time

A

Resurrection

62
Q

20th century British philosopher, creator of Behaviourism

A

Gilbert Ryle

63
Q

Medieval philosophical movement that tried to synthesise the ideas of Aristotle with Christianity

A

Scholasticism

64
Q

The state of self-awareness

A

Sentience

65
Q

A property of something that cannot be broken down into any more basic constituent parts (e.g. yellowness)

A

Simple Property

66
Q

A similar idea to mind, a mental of spiritual aspect of a human being or an enduring spiritual nature

A

Soul

67
Q

Something not predicated of something else, with its own particular identity

A

Substance

68
Q

20th century philosopher, defender of substance dualism

A

Richard Swinburne

69
Q

Charles Darwin’s theory that the complexity of life came about by natural selection

A

Theory of Evolution

70
Q

An imaginary scenario intended to explain a philosophical problem

A

Thought experiment

71
Q

Similar to reincarnation, the idea that souls go into new bodies after death

A

Transmigration of Souls

72
Q

Test of artificial intelligence developed by Alan Turing

A

Turing Test

73
Q

Descartes’ idea that it is logically possible to doubt everything (except that I am a thinking being)

A

Universal doubt

Philosophy (13 decks)

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