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Philosophy of Mind Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Alexander of Aphrodisias’ idea that something of the soul survives beyond death

A

Active Intellect

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2
Q

Opposite of potential, when something is fully realised (e.g. the dancer who is dancing as opposed to the dancer at rest)

A

Actual

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3
Q

2nd century commentator on Aristotle, creator of the idea of the Active Intellect

A

Alexander of Aphrodisias

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4
Q

Plato’s allegory of the philosopher’s ascent from the world of the senses (unreal) to the world of the forms (real)

A

Allegory of the cave

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5
Q

Medieval philosopher who tried to reconcile Aristotle’s hylomorphism with Christian belief in the immortality of the soul

A

Thomas Aquinas

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6
Q

Ancient philosopher, pupil of Plato, author of De Anima

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

The idea that rationality and consciousness can be acquired by a computer

A

Artificial Intelligence

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8
Q

The spiritual tradition in Christianity that emphasises the punishment or conquest of our physical bodies for the benefit of our souls

A

Ascetic tradition

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9
Q

Christian theologian and philosopher of the 4th century, neoplatonist

A

Augustine

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10
Q

A simulation of a human form which moves but has no life

A

Automaton

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11
Q

Created by Gilbert Ryle, the view that the mind is only what the behaviour of human beings reveals

A

Behaviourism

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12
Q

The organ that many neuroscientists believe is the seat of consciousness

A

Brain

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13
Q

The precise disposition of neutrons required to produce a particular mental state

A

Brain state

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14
Q

The philosopher of Descartes

A

Cartesianism

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15
Q

When an argument mistakenly assumes that two things belong to the same category when they do not (e.g. mind and body)

A

Category Error

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16
Q

A group of medieval heretics who believe that God created the soul and an evil God created the body

A

Catharism

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17
Q

1949 book by Gilbert Ryle that attacked substance dualism

A

The Concept of Mind

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18
Q

A form of self-awareness distinctive of the mind

A

Consciousness

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19
Q

Descartes’ famous statement ‘I think, therefore I am’

A

Cogito

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20
Q

Aristotle’s famous treatise ‘On the Soul’

A

De Anime

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21
Q

Contemporary American philosopher, leading mind-brain identity theorist

A

Daniel Dennett

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22
Q

French philosopher, creator of substance dualism

A

René Descartes

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23
Q

Early analogue computer created by Charles Babbage in the 19th century that may have undermined Leibniz’s Mill

A

Difference Engine

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24
Q

The chemicals that code for life, with a similar function to Aristotle’s idea of the soul

A

DNA

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25
The view that the body and the mind are two distinct substances and that personal identity resides entirely in an immaterial soul
Dualism (Substance Dualism)
26
The imaginary demon that Descartes imagines might be deceiving us about all our sensory impressions, including our perception that we have bodies
Evil Demon
27
An argument that contains deep structural flaws in the reasoning behind it
Fallacy
28
In Plato's philosophy, the inner natures of things that exist in the world of ideas
Forms
29
Gilbert Ryle's argument that it makes no sense for an immaterial soul to interact with a material body
Ghost in the Machine
30
An operation separating the two hemispheres of someone's brain
Hemispherectomy
31
People who disagree with the accepted truth in a religion
Heretics
32
A problem with substance dualism that creates an infinite regress: if the should moves the body, what moves the soul?
Homunculus Problem
33
Aristotle's belief that the soul is the form of the body of a living thing
Hylomorphism
34
The belief that the world of ideas, not matter, is the true reality
Idealism
35
Something that is of spiritual, non-material substance (e.g. the soul, God)
Immaterial
36
The idea that the soul lives forever
Immortality of the soul
37
A type of argument that creates more questions than it answers
Infinite Regress
38
The philosophers of the Muslim world (e.g. Avicenna and Averroes) who were influences by Alexander of Aphrodisias' idea of the Active Intellect
Islamic Philosophers
39
German philosopher, creator of Leibniz' Mill
Gottfried Leibniz
40
The idea that nothing can be both true and false at the same time
Leibniz's law
41
Leibniz's argument that complexity cannot create consciousness, which is therefore a simple property: an argument in favour of substance dualism
Leibniz's Mill
42
The belief that nothing exists apart from matter
Materialism
43
Descartes 1641 book in which he put forward the idea of universal doubt
Meditations
44
The mental aspect of human existence
Mind
45
The belief that a complete understanding of the physical properties of the brain will yield complete understanding of the mind
Mind-Brain Identity Theory
46
Thought experiment by Frank Jackson
Monochromatic Mary
47
The idea that your mental state could be realised in more than one brain state, or in more than one way
Multiple realisability
48
Plato's myth of reincarnation in Book 10 of The Republic
Myth of Er
49
The revival of Platonism in Late Antiquity that strongly influenced early Christianity
Neoplatonism
50
The branch of science that studies the brain
Neuroscience
51
20th century philosopher of mind, creator of thought experiments involving having your brain removed etc
Derek Parfit
52
What makes 'me' 'me'
Personal identity
53
What something feels like, the experience of something
Phenomenology
54
The philosophical study of areas relating to personal identity, the soul, and the relationship between mind and body
Philosophy of Mind
55
The belief that the soul can be understood in terms of the physical body (similar to materialism and mind-brain identity theory)
Physicalism
56
Ancient Athenian philosopher, creator of the theory of forms
Plato
57
Opposite of actual, when something could be something but is not at the present time
Potential
58
Greek word for 'mind or 'soul'
Psyché
59
The idea that minds/souls receive new bodies after death
Reincarnation
60
Plato's most famous dialogue, containing the Allegory of the Cave and the Myth of Er
The Republic
61
The idea the everyone will be raised up and receive new bodies at the end of time
Resurrection
62
20th century British philosopher, creator of Behaviourism
Gilbert Ryle
63
Medieval philosophical movement that tried to synthesise the ideas of Aristotle with Christianity
Scholasticism
64
The state of self-awareness
Sentience
65
A property of something that cannot be broken down into any more basic constituent parts (e.g. yellowness)
Simple Property
66
A similar idea to mind, a mental of spiritual aspect of a human being or an enduring spiritual nature
Soul
67
Something not predicated of something else, with its own particular identity
Substance
68
20th century philosopher, defender of substance dualism
Richard Swinburne
69
Charles Darwin's theory that the complexity of life came about by natural selection
Theory of Evolution
70
An imaginary scenario intended to explain a philosophical problem
Thought experiment
71
Similar to reincarnation, the idea that souls go into new bodies after death
Transmigration of Souls
72
Test of artificial intelligence developed by Alan Turing
Turing Test
73
Descartes' idea that it is logically possible to doubt everything (except that I am a thinking being)
Universal doubt

Philosophy (13 decks)

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