Philosophy lesson 4 Flashcards
Fallacy
- common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument.
- can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim.
Informal Fallacy includes…?
- Appeal to pity
- appeal to force
- appeal to ignorance
- appeal to people
- appeal to authority
- against the person
- slippery slope
- hasty generalization
- false cause
Appeal to Pity (Argumentum Ad Misericordia)
a fallacy in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting their opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt.
Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad baculum)
an argument where force, coercion, or a threat of force is given as a justification for a conclusion.
Appeal to Ignorance
it asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false or a position is false because it has not yet been proven true.
Appeal to people
-an argument which is based on affirming that something is real because the majority thinks so.
snob appeal
attempting to prove a conclusion by appealing to what an elite or a select few in a society thinks or believes.
bandwagon
the fallacy of attempting to prove a conclusion on the grounds that all or most people think or believe is true.
Appeal to authority
the opinion of an authority on a topic is used as evidence to support an argument.
Against the person
instead of addressing someone’s argument or position, you irrelevantly attack the person or some aspect of the person who is making the argument.
Slippery slope
in which a party asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect.
Hasty Generalization
involves drawing a conclusion about all or many instances of a phenomenon that has been reached on the basis of one or a few instances phenomenon.
False cause
when the “link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagined casual connection that probably does not exist”
