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Reviewer 1st Quarter > Philosophy > Flashcards

Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Came from the word PHILIA which means love or a strong desire for an object and sophia which means wisdom or correct application of knowledge

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

Science that by natural reason, studies the first causes or highest principles of all things

A

Philosophy

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3
Q

Systematic investigation and an organized body of knowledge

A

Science

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4
Q

Natural capacity to think

A

Natural light of reason

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5
Q

unaided reason

A

Natural light of reason

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6
Q

Whatever it is; whatever is not, is not

A

Principle of identity

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7
Q

everything that exist has a specific reason

A

Principle of identity

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8
Q

An entity without an identity cannot exist because it is nothing

A

Principle of identity

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9
Q

a thing is either is or is not

A

Principle of excluded middle

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10
Q

There is no middle ground

A

Principle of excluded middle

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11
Q

Nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence

A

Principle of sufficient reason

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12
Q

Everything must have a specific reason or a cause

A

Principle of sufficient reason

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13
Q

taking in consideration other’s point of view

A

Holistic

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14
Q

looking at the big picture

A

Holistic

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15
Q

Just your own point of view

A

Partial

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16
Q

augmenting and organizing the reality we experience so that we can reason about our observation

A

Abstractive

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17
Q

Seeing with the mind

A

Insightful

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18
Q

Study of existence and nature of reality

A

Metaphysics

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19
Q

“What is the nature of reality?”

A

Metaphysics

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20
Q

Study of the nature of moral judgement

A

Ethics

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21
Q

concerned with questions of how people ought to act

A

Ethics

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22
Q

“How should people act?”

A

Ethics

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23
Q

Study of the nature, sources, limitations of validity and knowledge

A

Epistemology

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24
Q

“How can we find out what we wish to know?”

A

Epistemology

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25
Q

Sources of knowledge for empiricists

A

Senses

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26
Q

Sources of knowledge for rationalists

A

Reason

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27
Q

Sources of knowledge for pragmatists

A

Practical consequences

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28
Q

Study of good reasoning through valid reasoning and demonstration

A

Logic

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29
Q

Concerned with truth or validity

A

Logic

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30
Q

“What is correct reasoning?”

A

Logic

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31
Q

Agreement of truth with reality

A

Truth

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32
Q

Study of basic philosophical questions about art and beauty including the sublime

A

Aesthetics

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33
Q

“Why do we find certain things beautiful?”

A

Aesthetics

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34
Q

Philosophical questioning begins with metaphisical unease

A

Gabriel Marcel

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35
Q

Questions that covers something broader and deeper and makes us reflect beyond what we physically see

A

Metaphysical unease

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36
Q

A way to seek truth by your own light

A

Value of philosophizing

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37
Q

Scientific truths

A

Objective domain

38
Q

Abstracted theoretical knowledge one can attain about the world

A

Objective domain

39
Q

Truth based on social agreement

A

Social Domain

40
Q

Defects in argument other than having false premise

A

Fallacy

41
Q

exploiting a person’s emotion such as feelings of pity and guilt

A

Appeal to Pity

42
Q

“I cannot go to jail because my family needs me.”

A

Appeal to Pity

43
Q

whatever has not been proven false must be true (and vice versa).

A

Appeal to Ignorance

44
Q

“No one can prove that God Exists, so he does not exist.”

A

Appeal to Ignorance

45
Q

using a word several times, but giving it a different meaning each time

A

Equivocation

46
Q

“All trees have barks. Every dog barks. Therefore, every dog is a tree.”

A

Equivocation

47
Q

The whole is true because the parts are true.

A

Composition

48
Q

“My neighbor is a math genius. She goes to SciHigh. All students in SciHigh are math geniuses.”

A

Composition

49
Q

The parts are true because the whole is true.

A

Division

50
Q

“The car is blue. Therefore, its engine is blue.”

A

Division

51
Q

attack against a person advocating an argument

A

Ad hominem

52
Q

“Mga dilawan bobo.”

A

Ad hominem

53
Q

use of force or coercion to justify a conclusion

A

Ad baculum

54
Q

“Kapag hindi ka tumitigil, papaluin kita.”

A

Ad baculum

55
Q

“bandwagon” fallacy; appeal to numbers

A

Ad populum

56
Q

“The fact that the majority of our citizens support the death penalty proves that it is morally right.”

A

Ad populum

57
Q

“When he visited me when I was sick, I got better. He must have made me better.”

A

Post hoc

58
Q

false cause; A happened before B, therefore A caused B

A

Post hoc

59
Q

conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence

A

Hasty generalization

60
Q

“All UP students are activists.”

A

Hasty generalization

61
Q

The act of rising above something to a superior state

A

Transcendence

62
Q

“We cannot be everything because trying to be so would end us up being nothing at all

A

Paradox of possibilitiy of limitation

63
Q

One of the oldest eastern traditionspracticed by millions of people for about 5000 years

A

Hinduism

64
Q

root of the universe

A

The Aum

65
Q

Dual nature of Humans

A

Spiritual and immoral essence, empirical life and character

66
Q

Intentional actions that affects one’s fortune in this life and the next

A

Karma

67
Q

The transcendent state attained as a result of being released into the cycle of rebirth

A

Moksha

68
Q

Atman repeatedly takes place on a body until moksha

A

Transmigration

69
Q

Direct effect of Karma

A

Transmigration

70
Q

True essence of life

A

Atman

71
Q

Hinduism’s primary values

A
  1. wealth
  2. pleasure
  3. Duty
  4. Enlightenment
72
Q

The creator

A

Brahmaa

73
Q

The preserver

A

Vishnu

74
Q

The destroyer

A

Shiva

75
Q

Places a lot of emphasis on the attainment of self-knowledge

A

Brahman

76
Q

In hinduism, it means duty

A

Dharma

77
Q

A collections of texts that contain some philosophical concepts of hinduism

A

Upanishads

78
Q

Contains utterances concerning the nature of ultimate reality

A

Upanishads

79
Q

The highest state one can attain

A

Nirvana

80
Q

He turned away from Hinduism to seek answers to the riddle of life’s sufferings

A

Siddhartha Gautama

81
Q

Beginning-less cycle of repeated birth

A

Samsara

82
Q

Axioms

A
  1. cease to do evil
  2. learn to do good
  3. purify your own mind
83
Q

Teats the statement “god exists” as a Hypothesis

A

Theistic Hypothesis

84
Q

Human being as soul using the body

A

Plato

85
Q

The body is Simply the extension of the mind

A

Descartes

86
Q

A soul in possession of a body

A

St.Augustine

87
Q

There is no experience that is not an embodied experience. Every idea in the mind needs to have an embodied form

A

Merleau-Ponty

88
Q

A person with all the connotations of the physical, social, and the mindful

A

Shenti

89
Q

Way of the universe

A

Tao

90
Q

Easter thought

A

The body is the mind and the mind is the body

Reviewer 1st Quarter (3 decks)

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