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Philosophy & Ethics > Philosophy 2 > Flashcards

Philosophy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Omniscient

A

The Christian belief that God is all knowing

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2
Q

Omni-benevolent

A

The Christian belief that God is all loving

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3
Q

Moral evil

A

Evil resulting from the exercise of people’s free will and human choice

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4
Q

Natural evil

A

Evil caused by natural forces and natural events in the world

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5
Q

Intrinsic

A

As a part of something, by its very nature. EG a pacifist may say war is ‘intrinsically evil’ (so it is evil by nature)

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6
Q

Free will

A

The ability to make choices freely and without force or compulsion

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7
Q

Satan

A

God’s opposite. Often referred to as anti-Christ or the devil. Arch Angel Lucifer is often referred to as the Devil - he disobeyed God and was sent to Hell where he was punished.

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8
Q

Conscience

A

The small voice within a person that is said to be from God, which tells a person what is right and wrong

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9
Q

An Ethical Monotheist

A

A person who believes in only one God, that is the source of all goodness and gives us moral instructions and guidelines

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10
Q

Moral

A

The right thing to do

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11
Q

Immoral

A

The wrong thing to do

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12
Q

Evil

A

The opposite of Good. Something that is irredeemably bad with no positive features about it

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13
Q

Suffering

A

The usual result to when innocent people suffer evil

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14
Q

Omnipotent

A

The belief that God is all powerful and can do anything

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15
Q

Atheist

A

Someone who does not believe in God

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16
Q

Dualism

A

Any system of belief involving two equal and/or opposite elements, such as the belief in God and the Devil

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17
Q

Punishment

A

Paying for any sins or crimes you have committed

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18
Q

What is the fall

A

This is when Adam and Eve ate the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, resulting in the fall from Grace and their expulsion from Eden

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19
Q

What is the Original Sin?

A

The sin of Adam and Eve that is carried by all descendants, it can be removed by baptism at birth. A process in which humans are cleansed

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20
Q

Crucifixion

A

The method of execution that Jesus Christ faced as he was placed on the cross through which all Christians believe he redeemed humanity

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21
Q

Redemption

A

Being claimed back. Christians believe that they may be c,aimed back by God through the sacrifice of Christ

22
Q

Incarnation

A

The birth of God in human form, undertaken to defeat evil

23
Q

What is a deadly sin?

A

An action that is despised/disapproved by God and condemns a person to Hell

24
Q

Gluttony

A

Gluttony is the desire to consume more than you require

25
Q

Greed/Avarice

A

The desire for material wealth and possessions

26
Q

Wrath

A

Choosing anger or fury over love

27
Q

Lust

A

A constant craving for the pleasures of the body

28
Q

Envy

A

The desire for things that rightly belong to others

29
Q

Pride

A

An excessive belief in your own abilities

30
Q

Heavenly virtue

A

An action that is loved or approved by God that will earn a person a place in heaven

31
Q

Temperance

A

To be in control of yourself and your desires

32
Q

Prudence

A

To be thoughtful and act with sense and discretion

33
Q

Justice

A

To be partial and to deal fairly with those involved

34
Q

Hope

A

To regain the expectation of better things to come

35
Q

Faith

A

The quality of belief, trust or loyalty in others

36
Q

Charity

A

To show compassion and mercy to those who need it

37
Q

Fortitude

A

The ability to endure whatever you have to

38
Q

What is a sin?

A

A sin is an action which God disapproves of

39
Q

Heaven

A

Heaven is eternity with God and is a reward for doing good

40
Q

Hell

A

Hell is eternity without God and is a punishment for evil

41
Q

Explain what an ‘inconsistent triad’ is

A

A group of three statements that, together, are not logically correct. EG the problem of evil:
God is omnipotent
God is omnibenevolent
Evil exists in the world
If God is omnipotent then he should know how to put a stop to the evil and his omnibenevolence would ensure that he did this, yet evil still exists.

42
Q

Name the two types of evil and what they are (give examples)

A

Moral evil - Evil that derives from the behaviour of humans that is uncaring or cruel e.g choosing to hurt a person

Natural evil - Evil that is natural to the world e.g Earthquakes or Tsunamis

43
Q

Describe the key events that occur in the story of Adam and Eve

A

Adam and Eve, after being created, were gifted N the Garden of Eden where they were free to eat fruits and vegetables and to tend to the garden and to have dominion over it and the animals. God asked however that they did NOT eat from one plant, the Tree of Knowledge, and said that if they did they would die.
The Bible says that the Devil entered in the form of a serpent and tempted Eve, convincing her that the Apple would give her the same knowledge as God. Eve ate the apple and went to Adam to share it.

When God found out, he punished each of them separately:
Adam’s work would become laborious
Eve would bore children with great pain
The serpent was given the punishment of crawling on the ground

Adam and Eve were both banished from the Garden of Eden and the curse on them was to face the rest of humanity, they would no longer love eternity but would grow old and get sick and die like we do today.

44
Q

Explain three other ways in which Christians may explain the existence of evil

A

Evil’s existence can be shown through acts such as:
Rape
Murder
Natural disaster

45
Q

What is meant by the term creation?

A

This is the idea that everything in the world was created by God

46
Q

What is cosmology

A

Cosmology is the study of the universe

47
Q

Describe the theory of evolution.

A

The theory that was suggested by Darwin which stated that life hasn’t always taken its current forms but has developed over time

48
Q

Natural selection

A

The idea that within a population, it’s development and size is dependent upon its fitness for survival

49
Q

What is the Big Bang?

A

The theory that suggests that the universe was created by one giant explosion - a theory accepted by many scientists which goes against the beliefs of God creating the universe

50
Q

What was Eden?

A

This was the garden described in Genesis which was a gift from God to Adam and Eve at the creation of the universe

51
Q

What was the Fall?

A

This was the eating of the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge leading to them being sent out from Eden

Philosophy & Ethics (4 decks)

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