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Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

What does “yoga” mean?

A

Derives from “yuj” meaning to join or bind together

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2
Q

What was the ancient yoga “practice”?

A

Sitting still in meditation

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3
Q

What are the vedas?

A

The sacred texts of the Brahmans (priests)

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4
Q

What are the Upanishads?

A

First philosophical texts composed by the Brahmans. 4 classical Upanishads have the first mention of yoga as a spiritual discipline

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5
Q

What is moksa?

A

Freedom or release (more specifically from continuous round of rebirth, senses, worldly entanglement)

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6
Q

What was the maitri upanishad 6 fold path?

A 
pranayama (breath control)
pratyahara (withdrawing the senses) 
dhyana (meditation)
dharana (meditation on an object)
tarka (reasoning)
samadhi (trance)
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7
Q

What is atman?

A

Identity of one’s own self

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8
Q

What is brahman?

A

The invisible cosmic power of the universe

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9
Q

What is tapas?

A

Discipline and austerities (from ‘tap’, meaning ‘heat’)

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10
Q

What are some examples of tapas?

A

Ways of developing control over the restless mind include:

fasting, sleep-deprivation, only standing for years

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11
Q

What is samadhi?

A

The goal of yoga/meditation
The trance-like state of consciousness that eradicates the negative passions of the mind
Helps move you out of the cycle of rebirth

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12
Q

What is the Bhagavadgita?

A

The 2,000 year old best known text on yoga. In it is a conversation between Krishna and Arjuna the solider. It lays out various paths of yoga. Establishes that you don’t need to renounce the world to obtain liberation.

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13
Q

What is bhakti?

A

Devotion

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14
Q

What is jnana?

A

Direct knowledge

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15
Q

What is dhyana?

A

meditation

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16
Q

What is Patanjali’s 8 fold path of yoga?

A 
Yamas- shouldn't do
Niyamas- should do
Asana (sitting steadily and comfortably)
Pranayama (breath control)
Pratyahara (sense withdrawal)
Dharana (meditation on an object)
dhyana (meditation)
samadhi (trance)
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17
Q

yamas

A

shouldn’t do

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18
Q

niyamas

A

should do

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19
Q

Asana

A

sitting steadily and comfortably

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20
Q

pratyahara

A

sense withdrawal

21
Q

dharana

A

meditation on an object

22
Q

What is the Samkhya system?

A

two fundamentals: purusa (pure consciousness) and prakrti (all creation, mind, senses, body)

23
Q

What is the yogic goal in the Samkhya system

A

To isolate pure consciousness from thought, body and the external world

24
Q

Who do tantric yogis follow?

A

Shiva- they want to manifest the consciousness of Shiva

25
Q

What are tantric ritualists trying to attain?

A

Siddhis (powers)

Jivanmukta (liberation while alive)

26
Q

What does ‘Hatha’ mean?

A

force or exertion

27
Q

What is the hathapradipika?

A

one of the best known medieval texts on yoga that expands lists of namas and niyamas, body cleansing practices, bandhas and 11 postures

28
Q

Who is Vivekananda?

A

The most influential person in bringing yoga to the west. Went to conference in Chicago.

29
Q

What are the 4 paths of yoga?

A

Bhakti (devotion)
Karma (selfless service)
jnana (knowledge/insight)
raja (meditation)

30
Q

Who are the three major “dads” of yoga

A

Krishnamacharya (Mysore)
Sivananda (Rishikesh)
Bikram (Calcutta

31
Q

Describe Hatha yoga

A

Yoga of force or exertion

Energetic practices to activate kundalini including breathing, purifying, visualizations and mantra

32
Q

What is Shiva’s power?

A

Shakti- the cosmic female power

33
Q

What is Shakti?

A

Shiva’s power to manifest the world/cosmic female power

34
Q

What are the gunas?

A

The three fundamental forces of nature

sattva- light/white
raja- dark/black
tamas- red/fire

you aspire to sattva

35
Q

What is parusha?

A

pure consciousness (male)

36
Q

What is prakriti?

A

Mind, body, world (female)

Daily practice removes praktiri

37
Q

What are the 5 yamas

A

Ahimsa- non-violence/compassion for all things
Satya- non-lying/speak the truth
Asteya- non-stealing
Brahmacharya- sense control
Aparigraha- non-greed/letting go of attachment

38
Q

Ahimsa

A

non-violence/compassion for all things

39
Q

Satya

A

non-lying/speak the truth

40
Q

Asteye

A

non-stealing

41
Q

Brahmacharya

A

sense control

42
Q

Aparigraha

A

non-greed/letting go of attachment

43
Q

What are the 5 niyamas?

A 
saucha- purity and cleanliness
santosha- contentment
tapas- discipline
svadhyaya- self-study
isvara pranidhana- dedication to the divine
44
Q

Saucha

A

purity and cleanliness

45
Q

Santosha

A

contentment

46
Q

svadhyaya

A

self-study

47
Q

isvara pranidhana

A

dedication to the divine

48
Q

What is Brahman

A 
Invisible cosmic power
Also priests (high caste)

Space YTT (3 decks)

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