Philosophies Theories Of RELIGION

Question 1

Philosophy means

Answer 1

Two Greek words
Philos..meaning love
Sophia..meaning wisdom

Question 2

Philosophies deal with

Answer 2

Metaphysical..how do we know
Epistemology..what is goodness (ethics)
Aesthetic …what is beautiful
Logic..what is a valid argument

Question 3

John Hick

Answer 3

British philosophy
Argued that faith does not mean the intellectual assent to certain dogmatic proposition as previously taught, particularly with the Catholic religious traditions.
Faith begins with experience

Question 4

Religious pluralism

Answer 4

The belief that multiple religious approaches can all be true and people must respect different religious teachings from their own.

Question 5

Soren Kiekegaard

Answer 5

Early philosopher of existentialism
We exist then decide our essence choosing who we wish to become.

Taught 3 different ways we can live our lives:

Aesthetic life, pleasure and satisfying desire

Ethical life, follow rules, be a good citizen and Christian

Leap Of Faith, we choose to believe even if its irrational, or absurd

His approach to religion is called Fideism

Question 6

Fideism

Answer 6

Religious matters cannot be proven through reason or science but only through faith

Question 7

Martin Buber

Answer 7

Jewish philosophers 
Modern existentialism 
He built a theology of human encounter 
Called God the Eternal 
We do not talk or describe God, but encounter him
Obtained through prayer

Question 8

Paul Tillich

Answer 8

Most influential Protestants theologian of 20th century
Teaches people have the power to create who they are
Defines religion as “ultimate concern “ a Christian revelation that offers answers to those questions
Calling this:
Methods of Correlation
There is a correlation between the philosophical questions of our existence and the answers of theology

Question 9

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 9

Leading theologian thinker if middle ages

The foundation for justice, good is to be done and evil should be avoided, how humans participate in gods order.

The measure whether a humans actions are good or bad.

Question 10

George Hegel

Answer 10

German philosopher and idealist

Question 11

Idealism

Answer 11

Idea that mind or spirit is the ultimate reality

Question 12

Hagel’s Dialectic

Answer 12

First step..thesis, ideas about how the world works

Second step..antithesis, against the thesis

Third step…synthesis, solves the problem,but eventually becomes the new thesis.

Question 13

Three proofs for existence of God

Answer 13

Ontological proof, definition of God..since nothing greater than God can be conceived, God must exist by definition

Cosmological proof,on our experience of the world..everything that moves has a cause,which has a cause and so forth.

Teleological proof, from experience…the watch has a designer so the world must have as designer

Question 14

Pascals wager

Answer 14

French photographer and mathematician
Believed one could either believe there was a God or not believe there was one and be damned,or receive the reward of heaven

Question 15

James will to believe

Answer 15

Being a pragmatist
He taught there is no way to absolutely believe God exists but religion is true because it leads to a happier life.
Pragmatic truth is what truth works in a posi6way

Question 16

Rational choice theory

Answer 16

Found by sociologist Stark
People choose religion based on a particular religious traditions
What are their intellectual commitments
Benefits of lifestyle, sense of well being etc.

Question 17

Atheism

Answer 17

Problem of evil is why people deny existence of God.
Scientists and philosophers atheism is a popular stance.
Claims God does not exist

Question 18

Agnostic

Answer 18

Say they have no knowledge of God