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Religion > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

Theory of religion

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Religion Crash Course flashcards
1
Q

Methodology atheism

A 
Study of religion 
Through
Sociology 
Anthropology 
Psychology

Outsiders pointvof veiw that the religion is not true, even if on a personal level they are believers

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2
Q

Ellwood defines sociology as

A

The study of human societies or social units large and small in terms of their structure processes, and interactions with other social units, a view of general principles that govern them

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3
Q

Emilie Durkheim

A 
French sociologist 
Founder of field of sociology
Most important idea
Societies had sacred objects
...primitive people had totems
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4
Q

Durkheim definition of religion

A

A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things

Sacred fulfills a functional role,a symbol of culture and the society

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5
Q

Karl Marx

A

German sociologist
Economists and philosopher

Materialist..the idea that matter or physical world is the ultimate reality. Mind or spirit is secondary

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6
Q

Process of Dialectic

A

Series of steps as your mind works through history

  1. Thesis… ideas about how world works
  2. Antithesis…against the thesis problems raised by the thesis
  3. synthesis..solves the problem, but eventually becomes a new thesis.
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7
Q

Max weber

A

German thinker influenced by Karl Marx
Believe that religion was the structure on which an economic superstructure was built
Capitalism

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8
Q

Peter Berger

A

Young generations of sociologist !

Believe human knowledge is a social construction,
Human beings construct a social reality which allows them to function in th world.

Body of knowledge for Nomos

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9
Q

Nomos

A

Order and integration into. the world

Berger says all of society is “nomoized”, it is socially constructed by people.

Its built on a 3 step process, built for a shared experience, with these steps they can develop a sense of meaning and belonging

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10
Q

Social construct

A

Process where people continually create, through their actions and interactions a shared reality where this experience is
Objectively factual and subjectively meaningful

Made up by the people

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11
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of the nature of human beings

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12
Q

Edward tylor

A

British anthropologist
Founder of social anthropology
Beliefs in spiritual beings

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13
Q

Animism

A

A belief that everything, plants,animals and even inanimate objects are animated by spirits
These spirits are the heart of religion

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14
Q

James Frazer

A

British anthropologist

Magic and mythology

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15
Q

Clifford Geertz

A

American and Symbolic anthropologist

Religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long lasting moods and motivations.

He called religion a model and claimed it was both a “model of” and “model for”
(Descriptive view) (what we ought to do)

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16
Q

Ethos

A

A model for prescriptive tellingvwhat we ought to do.

17
Q

Worldview

A

Way we see it in the world.

Model for descriptive view

18
Q

Evan’s Pritchard

A

British anthropologist
Functional traditionalists

Studied primitive cultures and trysts to ascertain the function of various religious rituals

19
Q

Psychology

A

A focus on individuals
How human mind works

Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Williams James
Abraham Maslow

20
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Founder of psychoanalytical theory

First to discuss unconscious
He taught that religion was kind of a mass neuroses
Religion met an infantile need for protection
Passionate atheist

He believed that by understanding the basis of religion, one could cure people and create a society without false beliefs in God.

21
Q

Carl Jung

A

Freud follower
Non jew
He didn’t share the same thoughts on religion as Freud

He believes it’s a positive thing
Collective consciousness

22
Q

Maslow

A

American psychologist
Developed hierarchy of human needs

A healthy individual must climb up through this hierarchy of needs, beginning with the lowest level basic physical needs and leading to the highest level of self actualization.
Highest level I included religion

23
Q

Phenomenology

A

The study of religion from the inside.

What does religion feel like for those experiencing it.

24
Q

Emmanuel Kant

A

German philosopher
Revolutionized philosophy

Called religion the phenomenal world,the world our mind perceives, our mind organizes how we see the world

25
Q

Empiricsm

A

The idea that all knowledge comes from the senses. We only know what we can see and hear.

26
Q

Rudolph Otto

A

German Lutheran theologian interested in religious experience

He criticized other theologians and Christian traditions for trying to understand God through rational arguments

He thought that rational thoughts had a place in religion but was central and primary was direct experiences.

27
Q

Mircea Eliade

A

Romanian historian of religion

Believes in existence of the “sacred”
Never expressed feelings on religion

Believed in the profane; ordinary day to day reality of how people live.

The sacred is when the spiritual breaks into the ordinary world.

Religions actually participate in a mythical time,demonstrating how time is holy.

28
Q

Profane [Eliade]

A

Ordinary, day to day reality of how people live. The sacred is when the spiritual breaks into the ordinary world. It grows out of the human need for transcendence, something beyond the ordinary

29
Q

William James

A

Physician and philosopher
Founder of pragmatic tradition in Philosophy

Pragmatic truth is that an idea is true if it has positive effect on people.

We cannot prove if God exists is a true statement, but he believes that those who believe in him live a positive life.

30
Q

Flow of conciousness (James)

A

The mind is not an empty container into which momentary picture of reality appear. There is a constant flow of images,sounds and thoughts fill the mind without interruptions.

31
Q

Freud 3 levels of working mind

A

ID..the unconscious drives and appetites, often sexual or aggressive in nature

Superego…inner voice of ones parents, community, or civilization as a whole

EGO…the actual conciousness, trying to balance the demands of the I’d and superego.

32
Q

Externaliztion

A

Step 1 of Bergers nomos

Concept that mankind and society are products of each other.

Man places himself into society and makes society into what it is.

33
Q

Objectification

A

Step 2 Bergers Nomos process

A reality in the physical and mental sense
Society becomes real.

Language is an example of this, something that is created by man but man is held within the boundaries of it.

34
Q

Internalization

A

Step 3 Bergers Nomos process

Meanings and associations become understood and adopted by the individual, making socialization possible.

Not only are they learned but they help shape society

35
Q

Sacred

A

To a power which is not man but related to man,

Religion has the unique ability to distinguish between sacred and profane

Religion (7 decks)

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