Philosophical View Of The Self Flashcards
Name the 11 contributors for this unit.
- Socrates
- Plato
- St. Augustine of Hippo
- Rene Descartes
- John Locke
- David Hume
- Immanuel Kant
- Sigmund Freud
- Gilbert Ryle
- Paul Churchland
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Name the 2 (two) Greek philosophers.
Socrates
Plato
“The soul is immortal.”
Socrates and Plato
TRUE or FALSE.
For Socrates and Plato, the self was synonymous with the soul. Every human being, they believed, possessed an immortal soul that survived the body.
TRUE
Dualistic View of The Self:
Material substance (physical body) &
Immaterial Substance (mind or soul)
are two separate aspects of the self.
Socrates & Plato
“The soul has three components, REASON, PHYSICAL APPETITE, and SPIRIT (PASSION).” And these three components may work in concert or in opposition.
Plato
[Plato] _________ - our divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.
Reason
[ Plato ] — basic biological need such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.
Physical Appetite
[ Plato ] — basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, empathy
Spirit or Passion
A Philosopher of the Medieval Era
St. Augustine of Hippo
Name the 5 (five) contributors of Modern Philosophy.
Rene Descartes
John Locke
David Hume
Immanuel Kant
Sigmund Freud
Theory of Knowledge: Cogito, ergo sum. (I think therefore, I am.)
Rene Descartes
“The self is a thinking thing distinct from the body.”
Rene Descartes
TRUE or FALSE.
According to Descartes, the essence of existing as a human identity is the possibility of being aware of ourselves, thus HAVING SELF IDENTITY and being SELF-CONSCIOUS are mutually dependent on one another.
TRUE
“The Self is consciousness.”
John Locke
Empiricism ( All knowledge originates from our SENSE EXPERIENCE.)
John Locke
“The essence of the self is its conscious awareness of itself as a THINKING, REASONING, REFLECTING identity.”
John Locke
“The self is not tied to any particular body or substance, and it only exists in other times and places because of our MEMORY of those experiences.”
John Locke
“There is no self.”
David Hume
“The self is a ‘bundle of collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity and are in a perpetual flux and movement.’ “
David Hume
“Mind is a theater, a container for fleeting sensations and disconnected ideas and our reasoning ability is merely a slave to the passions.”
David Hume
“We construct the self.”
Immanuel Kant
—against the idea of Hume that genuine knowledge and self do not exist
“Self is transcendental: it exists INDEPENDENTLY of experience. The self is product of reason because the self regulates experience by making unified experience possible.”
Immanuel Kant
Unity of Consciousness — thoughts and perceptions of any given mind are bound together in a unity by being all contained in ONE CONSCIOUSNESS—MY consciousness.
Immanuel Kant
The Unconscious Mind
Sigmund Freud
___________ - the small amount of mental activity we know about
The Conscious
Thoughts and Perceptions.
The Conscious
__________ - things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried
The Subconscious
Memories, Stored Knowledge
The Subconscious
_________ - things we are unaware of and can not become aware of.
The Unconscious
Instincts — sexual and aggressive
Fears, Unacceptable Sexual Desires, Violent Motives, Irrational Wishes, Immoral Urges, Selfish Needs, Shameful Experiences, Traumatic Experiences
The Unconscious
The ID is part of the unconscious mind and comprises the two instincts: ________ and __________.
Eros, Thanatos
“The self is multi-layered.”
Sigmund Freud
TRUE or FALSE.
[Freud] The Unconscious Self is governed by the “pleasure principle”. Meanwhile, the Conscious Self is governed by the “reality principle”.
TRUE
[ Freud ]
There are two models of the mind—the Topographical and the Structural. Name the three components of each.
Topographical: Conscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious
Structural: ID, Ego, Superego
TRUE or FALSE.
According to Freud, the Ego develops during Oral Stage.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE.
According to Freud, the Superego develops during the Phallic Stage.
TRUE
Name the 4 (four) contributors in Contemporary Philosophy.
Gilbert Ryle
Paul and Patricia Churchland
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
“The self is how you behave.”
Gilbert Ryle
He debunked the myth of dualism.
Gilbert Ryle
“ghost in the machine”
Gilbert Ryle
“Our knowledge of other people’s mind can only be INFERENTIAL at best.”
Gilbert Ryle
Category mistake — happens when we think of the self as existing apart from certain observable behaviors, a purely mental entity existing in time but not space; THE SELF DOES NOT REALLY EXIST! (Against Cartesian Dualism)
Gilbert Ryle
“Self is a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances. “
Gilbert Ryle
“The self is the brain.”
P&P Churchland
“It is a radical claim that our ordinary common sense understanding of the mind is wrong and that some o all of the mental states posited by common sense do not actually exist.”
Churchland
“The self is embodied subjectivity.”
Merleau-Ponty
“The study of SELF is a unique form of inquiry—both the OBJECT and the SUBJECT. Who studies the mind? The mind itself.”
Martin Buber
“Life is a journey, man is a traveler.”
John Ruskin
3 fundamental questions in understanding who we are:
Identity,
Origin,
Destiny
3 ways to better understand the self:
- Judeo-Christian
2 Philosophical - Scientific
Philosophy stems from the words _____ and ________ which means love and wisdom respectively.
philo, sophia
“Philosophy is a stubborn attempt to think clearly.
—human search for meaning in life”
William James
“Man is the measure of all things.”
Protagoras
“The soul is imprisoned in the body.”
Plato
“The self is a great mystery.”
St. Augustine of Hippo
“DOUBTING requires courage and is the start of knowledge.”
Rene Descartes
Self: Mind & Body
Cartesian Dualism
