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SOCSC02 (UTS) > Philosophical View Of The Self > Flashcards

Philosophical View Of The Self Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 11 contributors for this unit.

A
  1. Socrates
  2. Plato
  3. St. Augustine of Hippo
  4. Rene Descartes
  5. John Locke
  6. David Hume
  7. Immanuel Kant
  8. Sigmund Freud
  9. Gilbert Ryle
  10. Paul Churchland
  11. Maurice Merleau-Ponty
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2
Q

Name the 2 (two) Greek philosophers.

A

Socrates
Plato

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3
Q

“The soul is immortal.”

A

Socrates and Plato

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE.
For Socrates and Plato, the self was synonymous with the soul. Every human being, they believed, possessed an immortal soul that survived the body.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Dualistic View of The Self:

Material substance (physical body) &
Immaterial Substance (mind or soul)
are two separate aspects of the self.

A

Socrates & Plato

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6
Q

“The soul has three components, REASON, PHYSICAL APPETITE, and SPIRIT (PASSION).” And these three components may work in concert or in opposition.

A

Plato

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7
Q

[Plato] _________ - our divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

A

Reason

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8
Q

[ Plato ] — basic biological need such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

A

Physical Appetite

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9
Q

[ Plato ] — basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, empathy

A

Spirit or Passion

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10
Q

A Philosopher of the Medieval Era

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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11
Q

Name the 5 (five) contributors of Modern Philosophy.

A

Rene Descartes
John Locke
David Hume
Immanuel Kant
Sigmund Freud

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12
Q

Theory of Knowledge: Cogito, ergo sum. (I think therefore, I am.)

A

Rene Descartes

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13
Q

“The self is a thinking thing distinct from the body.”

A

Rene Descartes

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

According to Descartes, the essence of existing as a human identity is the possibility of being aware of ourselves, thus HAVING SELF IDENTITY and being SELF-CONSCIOUS are mutually dependent on one another.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

“The Self is consciousness.”

A

John Locke

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16
Q

Empiricism ( All knowledge originates from our SENSE EXPERIENCE.)

A

John Locke

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17
Q

“The essence of the self is its conscious awareness of itself as a THINKING, REASONING, REFLECTING identity.”

A

John Locke

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18
Q

“The self is not tied to any particular body or substance, and it only exists in other times and places because of our MEMORY of those experiences.”

A

John Locke

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19
Q

“There is no self.”

A

David Hume

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20
Q

“The self is a ‘bundle of collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity and are in a perpetual flux and movement.’ “

A

David Hume

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21
Q

“Mind is a theater, a container for fleeting sensations and disconnected ideas and our reasoning ability is merely a slave to the passions.”

A

David Hume

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22
Q

“We construct the self.”

A

Immanuel Kant

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23
Q

—against the idea of Hume that genuine knowledge and self do not exist

“Self is transcendental: it exists INDEPENDENTLY of experience. The self is product of reason because the self regulates experience by making unified experience possible.”

A

Immanuel Kant

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24
Q

Unity of Consciousness — thoughts and perceptions of any given mind are bound together in a unity by being all contained in ONE CONSCIOUSNESS—MY consciousness.

A

Immanuel Kant

25
Q

The Unconscious Mind

A

Sigmund Freud

26
Q

___________ - the small amount of mental activity we know about

A

The Conscious

27
Q

Thoughts and Perceptions.

A

The Conscious

28
Q

__________ - things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried

A

The Subconscious

29
Q

Memories, Stored Knowledge

A

The Subconscious

30
Q

_________ - things we are unaware of and can not become aware of.

A

The Unconscious

31
Q

Instincts — sexual and aggressive
Fears, Unacceptable Sexual Desires, Violent Motives, Irrational Wishes, Immoral Urges, Selfish Needs, Shameful Experiences, Traumatic Experiences

A

The Unconscious

32
Q

The ID is part of the unconscious mind and comprises the two instincts: ________ and __________.

A

Eros, Thanatos

33
Q

“The self is multi-layered.”

A

Sigmund Freud

34
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

[Freud] The Unconscious Self is governed by the “pleasure principle”. Meanwhile, the Conscious Self is governed by the “reality principle”.

A

TRUE

35
Q

[ Freud ]

There are two models of the mind—the Topographical and the Structural. Name the three components of each.

A

Topographical: Conscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious

Structural: ID, Ego, Superego

36
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

According to Freud, the Ego develops during Oral Stage.

A

TRUE

37
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

According to Freud, the Superego develops during the Phallic Stage.

A

TRUE

38
Q

Name the 4 (four) contributors in Contemporary Philosophy.

A

Gilbert Ryle
Paul and Patricia Churchland
Maurice Merleau-Ponty

39
Q

“The self is how you behave.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

40
Q

He debunked the myth of dualism.

A

Gilbert Ryle

41
Q

“ghost in the machine”

A

Gilbert Ryle

42
Q

“Our knowledge of other people’s mind can only be INFERENTIAL at best.”

A

Gilbert Ryle

43
Q

Category mistake — happens when we think of the self as existing apart from certain observable behaviors, a purely mental entity existing in time but not space; THE SELF DOES NOT REALLY EXIST! (Against Cartesian Dualism)

A

Gilbert Ryle

44
Q

“Self is a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances. “

A

Gilbert Ryle

45
Q

“The self is the brain.”

A

P&P Churchland

46
Q

“It is a radical claim that our ordinary common sense understanding of the mind is wrong and that some o all of the mental states posited by common sense do not actually exist.”

A

Churchland

47
Q

“The self is embodied subjectivity.”

A

Merleau-Ponty

48
Q

“The study of SELF is a unique form of inquiry—both the OBJECT and the SUBJECT. Who studies the mind? The mind itself.”

A

Martin Buber

49
Q

“Life is a journey, man is a traveler.”

A

John Ruskin

50
Q

3 fundamental questions in understanding who we are:

A

Identity,
Origin,
Destiny

51
Q

3 ways to better understand the self:

A
  1. Judeo-Christian
    2 Philosophical
  2. Scientific
52
Q

Philosophy stems from the words _____ and ________ which means love and wisdom respectively.

A

philo, sophia

53
Q

“Philosophy is a stubborn attempt to think clearly.
—human search for meaning in life”

A

William James

54
Q

“Man is the measure of all things.”

A

Protagoras

55
Q

“The soul is imprisoned in the body.”

A

Plato

56
Q

“The self is a great mystery.”

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

57
Q

“DOUBTING requires courage and is the start of knowledge.”

A

Rene Descartes

58
Q

Self: Mind & Body

A

Cartesian Dualism

SOCSC02 (UTS) (4 decks)

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