PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Flashcards
1
Q
Greek - “Philos” and “Sophia” =
A
“Love for Wisdom”
2
Q
- Study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking.
A
PHILOSOPHY
2
Q
- His’ work was never published.
- He underlies the importance of the notion “knowing oneself”. For him, by fully knowing oneself a person will be able to achieve happiness.
- He could be considered as the first martyr of education, knowledge and philosophy. Thus, dying as a martyr that fought against ignorance and narrow mindedness.
- _____________ also posited that possession of knowledge is a virtue and that ignorance is a criminal
A
Socrates
3
Q
- the only way for us to understand ourselves is through internal questioning or introspection
- By continuously asking and evaluating who we are, we as a person will also be able
to understand our strengths and weaknesses
A
Socratic Method
4
Q
- He is historically known to be the “Father of the academy”.
- He wrote several literature that tackles politics, human nature, and established the idea of virtue and intelligence
- According to him, a person who is a follower of truth and wisdom will not be tempted by vices and will always be just.
A
Plato
5
Q
- Man in his present or early existence is just a imperfect copy of his original self
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Theory of idealism
5
Q
Plato’s three parts of the soul
A
Appetitive soul
Spirited soul
Rational soul
6
Q
- Part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself.
A
Appetitive soul
7
Q
- Attributed to the courageous part of a person, one who wants to do something or to right the wrongs that they observe.
- _______________ are very competitive and is very active, his competitiveness drives one to expect positive results and winning.
A
Spirited soul
7
Q
- Driver of our lives,
- Part that thinks and plan for the future.
- “the conscious mind” decides what to do, when to do it and the possible results one could have depending on their actions.
A
Rational soul
7
Q
- A Saint and a Philosopher of the church
- ______________ follows the idea that God encompasses us all, that everything will be better if we are with God
- ______________ also rejected the doubtfulness of the academy in which one cannot or should not accept ideas from others.
- Virtues - art of living rightly and well; is the order of love
A
St. Augustine
8
Q
- Some of his works on this subject matter paved the way to several revolutions to fight the absolute powers of monarchs and rulers of his time that led to the development of governance, politics and economic system that we now know
- “Tabula Rasa” = Blank Slate.
A
John Locke
8
Q
- French Philosopher
- Father of modern philosophy - Radical use of systematic and early scientific method to aid his ideas and assumptions.
- “Methodical Doubt”
- “Cogito Ergo Sum” = “I think therefore I am” – unity of all conscious acts
- According to him a person is comprised of mind and body,
- He also implies that being in a constant doubt regarding one’s existence is proof that a person actually exist
A
Rene Descartes
9
Q
which simply meant of a continuous process of questioning.
A
Methodical Doubt
10
Q
= “I think therefore I am” – unity of all conscious acts
A
Cogito Ergo Sum
11
Q
“Tabula Rasa” =
A
Blank Slate
12
Q
- Scottish Philosopher
- Focused his work in the field of Empiricism, Skepticism, and naturalism.
- There is no permanent “self”, that since our impressions of things based from our experiences and from such impressions we can create our ideas and knowledge
A
David Hume
13
Q
The Self Impressions
A
IMPRESSIONS
Loving
Cold
Approachable
Sad
Warm
Happy
14
Q
- ___________argued that the awareness of different emotions that we have, impressions and behavior is only a part of our self.
- We also have the capabilities to understand beyond those experiences and be able to think and have a clear identification who we are
- Moral obligation and principles
A
Immanuel Kant
15
Q
- Essence of our consciousness that provides basis for understanding and establishing the notion of “self” by synthesizing one’s accumulation of experiences, intuition and imagination goes
A
Transcendental Apperception
16
Q
- Austrian Psychologist and Physician
- Father of psychoanalysis and is known for his work on human nature and the unconscious
- He introduced the levels of consciousness
- ____________believed that we are a by-product of our experiences in the past. Driven by the idea of resisting or avoiding pain, and are molded from our need for pleasure or being happy.
A
Sigmund Freud
17
Q
Aspects of personality
A
Id: instincts
Ego: reality
Superego: morality
18
Q
- Also known as the child aspect of a person
- The ______ attention is on satisfaction of one’s needs and self-gratification.
- It is driven by the pleasure principle.
A
Id: instincts
19
Q
- Conscience of the one’s personality
- Has the inclination to uphold justice and do what is morally right and socially acceptable actions.
- It is involved in the notion of right or wrong that is imparted to us by our parents or people that tool care for us during childhood.
A
Superego: morality
20
Q
- Sometimes known as the Police or the mediator between id and superego.
- It operates within the boundaries of reality, primary function is to maintain the
impulses of the ID to an acceptable degree.
A
Ego: reality
21
Q
Levels of consciousness
A
Conscious
Pre-conscious
Unconscious
22
Q
- where minority of our memories are being stored and the memories that are in the conscious is easier to be tapped or accessed.
A
Conscious
23
Q
- Middle part of the entirety of our consciousness, the memories stored in this area can still be accessed but with a little difficulty.
A
Pre-conscious
24
Q
- this area is where majority of our memories since childhood are deeply stored. It is very difficult to tap the memories in the unconscious, it would need a trained professional and several special techniques in order to make some memories resurface.
A
Unconscious
25
Q
- To him, once we encounter others, their perceptions of what we do, how we act, and the way we behave will then result to the understanding of other people and establishing of who we are.
- Saying the things that we do, how we behave and react and all other components like the way we talk, walk, and look is generally who we are as a person.
- For ______ , what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life
A
Gilbert Ryle
26
Q
- a Canadian philosopher whose focus is on the idea that people should improve our association and use of words in identifying the self; emphasized with his wife as “the Brain as the Self”
- Churchland’s work revolves around challenging of the notion and terms being used to explain behavior or to explain how a person feels, thinks, and act with regards to physiological phenomenon that is happening in the body
- built the idea of “eliminative materialism”. Basically, eliminative materialism opposes that people’s common sense understanding of the mind is false
A
Paul Churchland
27
Q
- A French philosopher who is known for his works on existentialism and phenomenology. His idea of the self, regarded that the body and mind are not separate entities,
A
Maurice Jean Jacques Marleau-Ponty
28
Q
- Holistic approach in dealing the person
- His idea of perception follows the idea of Gestalt Psychology which gives important on the whole than the sum of its part.
A
MJJMP maurice jean
29
Q
- The unity of the function of the mind and body
A
Phenomenology of Perception
30
Q
- Both receives the experience as well as integrates such experiences in the different perception.
A
The body
31
Q
- Accumulation of the perception as integrated by the experiences of the body.
A
Perceived world
32
Q
- Enable one to not only be able to integrate the other objects in the world but also to be able to experience the cultural aspect and relate to others.
A
People and the world
