PHILOSOPHERS

Question 1

RENE DESCARTES

Answer 1

• Mind Body Dichotomy
• Possible for one to exist without the othe
  ‘I think therefore I am’

Question 2

PLATO

Answer 2

• Justice
• Justice is a human virtue makes a person self consistent and good
• Justice is social consciousness that makes a society internally harmonious and good
• ‘The result, then is that more plentiful and better-quality goods are more easily produced if each person does one thing for which he is naturally suited, does it at the right time, and it realised from having to do any others’

Question 3

ARISTOLE

Answer 3

• Change and Causation
• Three kinds of cause; kinesis, boulesis (emotion, in what we want and our will) and morphing (shape, appearance)
• Four types of causation; matter (substance that somethings made of), moving (whatever created it), final cause (reason/purpose created) and form (structure of matter)

Question 4

TOLSTOY

Answer 4

• Determinism
• It is necessary to renounce freedom that doesnt exist and to recognise a dependence of which we are not personally conscious’
• Held that everything in the universe was determined
• However we shift our point of view, however clear we make to ourselves the connection in which man is placed with the external word, or however fully comprehensible it may appear to us, we can never conceive complete free will’

Question 5

Karl Marx

Answer 5

• Culture and Society
• Social order in every society is the production of economic goods
• Worked to set humanity free from the chains of capitalism
• ‘Society does not consist of individuals but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand’

Question 6

Ludwig Wittgenstien

Answer 6

• Intention

‘ When I rasie my arm, my arm goes up … When I raise my arm I do not usually try to raise it’