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Philosophers Flashcards

1
Q

From the greek words “philos” which means love and “sophia” which means wisdom.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

An activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationship to the world and to each other.

A

Philosophy

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3
Q

Way of thinking about everything around us: about the nature, the world, and the society.

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

Seeking to know the truth.

A

Philosophy

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5
Q

It is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge.

A

Philosophy

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6
Q

Who are the 11 philosophers?

A

Socrates
Plato
Saint Augustine of Hippo
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
John Locke (1632-1704)
David Hume (1711-1776)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)
Patricia and Paul Churchland
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)

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7
Q

An ancient greek philosopher, scholar, and teacher.

A

Socrates

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8
Q

One of the big three

A

Socrates

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9
Q

Who are the big three?

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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10
Q

Among the big three, who is the mentor of who?

A

Socrates -> Plato -> Aristotle

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11
Q

The main source of the western thought.

A

Socrates

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12
Q

His works were only known through plato’s writing.

A

Socrates

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13
Q

What do you call Plato’s writing that is about Socrates?

A

The Dialogues

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14
Q

States that “the unexamined life is not worth living.”

A

Socrates

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15
Q

Made the socratic method also known as the dialectic method.

A

Socrates

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16
Q

Pretends to the search for the correct and proper definition which involves asking for consistency and contradiction.

A

Socratic or Dialectic Method

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17
Q

Stone mason with a sharp mind and a brilliant debater which was idolized by Athenians.

A

Socrates

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18
Q

How does athenian settle arguments?

A

By discussion and debate

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19
Q

Real name of Plato

A

Aristocles

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20
Q

What is the name of the school that Plato established?

A

The Academy

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21
Q

Wrote more than 20 dialogues with Socrates as the protagonist in most of them.

A

Plato

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22
Q

What does plato’s metaphysics known as?

A

Theory of Forms

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23
Q

Plato’s theory of love and becoming where people rely on their immediate senses.

A

Allegory of the Cave

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24
Q

Three characteristics of Plato’s forms

A
  1. Ageless and therefore eternal
  2. Unchanging therefore permanent
  3. Unmoving and indivisible
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25
Plato's Dualism
Realm of Shadows and Realm of Forms
26
Composed of changing and sensible things which are lesser entities and therefore imperfect and flawed.
Realm of Shadows
27
Eternal things which are permanent and perfect. The source of all reality and true knowledge.
Realm of Forms
28
What does Plato's view of human nature states?
Plato describes the soul as having three components.
29
What are the three components of the soul according to Plato?
The reason, spirited, and appetites.
30
Rational and is the motivation for goodness and truth.
The reason
31
Non-rational and is the will or the thrive towards action.
The spirited
32
Irrational and lean towards the desire for pleasures of the body.
The appetites
33
A Christian philosopher
Saint Augustine of Hippo
34
His concerns are mainly focused with God and man's relationship with God.
Saint Augustine of Hippo
35
What is the difference between Christian philosophy and Greek philosophy?
Christian philosophy relies on god's commands and his judgement determines what is good and what is evil. Greek philosophy believes that man innately good and becomes evil through ignorance of what is good.
36
What are the two realms of Saint Augustine of Hippo?
1. God as a source of all reality and truth 2. Sinfulness of man
37
According to Saint Augustine, without God as the source of all truth, man could never understand eternal truths.
God as a source of all reality and truth
38
Sinfulness of man
According to Saint Augustine, the causes of sin or evil is an act of man's free will where moral goodness can only be achieved through the grace of God.
39
What are the four roles of love?
Love of physical objects (Sin of Greed) Love for other people (Sin of Jealousy) Love for the self (Sin of Pride) Love for God (Real Happiness)
40
The father of modern philosophy
Rene Descartes
41
Introduce the cartesian method
Rene Descartes
42
Two operations under the cartesian method
Intuition and deduction
43
The ability to apprehend the direction of certain truths.
Intuition
44
The power to discover what is not known by progressing to an orderly way from what is already known where truths are arrived at using a step by step process.
Deduction
45
"I think, therefore I am"
Rene Descartes
46
The soul or mind is separate from the body.
Mind-Body Problem
47
According to Descartes, the body is like a machine that is controlled by the ___ and aided by the ___.
will, mind
48
Where was John Locke born?
Wrington, England
49
Son of Puritan Lawyer
John Locke
50
His interest is the acquisition of knowledge.
John Locke
51
Knowledge results from ideas produced by experiences.
Posteriori
52
Blank slate
Tabula rasa
53
According to him, moral good depends on conformity or non-conformity of a person's behavior towards some law.
John Locke
54
What are the three laws according to Locke?
Law of Opinion Civil Law Divine Law
55
Praise worthy actions are virtues and those that are not are vice.
Law of Opinion
56
Right actions are enforced by people in authority.
Civil Law
57
Deemed to be the true law for human behavior actions of man are set by God.
Divine Law
58
Where was David Hume born?
Edinburg, Scotland
59
What happened at the time when David Hume was enrolled at the university of Edinburg?
He lost faith
60
According to Hume, what are the two types of perceptions that make up the content of the human mind?
Impressions and ideas
61
Immediate sensations of external reality.
Impressions
62
Recollection of impressions.
Ideas
63
What are the three principles on how ideas relate to one another?
The Principle of Resemblance The Principle of Contiguity The Principle of Cause and Effect
64
Sensing the likeness of current experience to previous experiences.
The Principle of Resemblance
65
Associating an event to another event.
The Principle of Contiguity
66
Principle that all events have sufficient causes and this idea arises only when people experience certain relation between objects does it cannot be a basis for knowledge.
The Principle of Cause and Effect
67
Where was Immanuel Kant born?
Konisberg in East Prussia (presently Western Russia)
68
Argued that the mind actively participates in knowing the objects it experiences.
Immanuel Kant
69
Founder of German Idealism
Immanuel Kant
70
Who states that instead of the mind conforming to the world, it is the external world that conforms to the mind?
Immanuel Kant
71
Who awakened Immanuel Kant?
David Hume
72
An austrian neurologist that is considered to be one of the pioneering figures in the field of psychology.
Sigmund Freud
73
Focuses on the working of the unconscious mind or psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud
74
The works of the mind impacts strongly on the body resulting in emotional stability or psychological dysfunctions.
Psychodynamic Theory
75
What are those under the topography of the mind?
Id Ego Superego
76
Pleasure principle
Id
77
Reality principle
Ego
78
Moral principle
Superego
79
What are the two kinds of instincts that drive individual behavior?
Eros (Life) Thanatos (Death)
80
What is the energy of eros called?
Libido
81
Behavior towards destruction in a form of aggression and violence.
Thanatos
82
An english philosopher that contradicted the cartesian dualism.
Gilbert Ryle
83
He states that the man is endowed with free will.
Gilbert Ryle
84
He thought that free will was invented to answer the question of whether an action deserves praise or blame.
Gilbert Ryle
85
Involves an ability and not just intellect.
Knowing
86
What are the two types of knowledge according to Gilbert Ryle?
Knowing-that Knowing-how
87
An empty intellectualism as it refers to only knowing facts.
Knowing-that
88
Using facts and performing it using skill or technical abilities.
Knowing-how
89
Canadian philosophers that coined the term "neurophilosophy".
Patricia and Paul Churchland
90
Uses the application of neurology to problems such as the mind-body problem.
Patricia and Paul Churchland
91
States that the man's brain is responsible for the identity known as the "self".
Patricia and Paul Churchland
92
It is the study of philosophy of the mind, science, neuroscience, and psychology which aims to explore the relevance of neuroscientific experiments to human mind.
Neurophilosophy
93
Brain-mind issue is the center of this study.
Neurophilosophy
94
A French phenomenological philosopher.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
95
Known as the philosopher of the body.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
96
He emphasized that the human body is the primary site of knowing the world.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
97
His focus is on the relationship between self experience and experience of other people.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
98
He developed the concept of body-subject and contented that perceptions occur existentially.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
99
He wrote books on perception, art, and political thought.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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