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UTS > Philosophers > Flashcards

Philosophers Flashcards

1
Q

From the greek words “philos” which means love and “sophia” which means wisdom.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

An activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationship to the world and to each other.

A

Philosophy

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3
Q

Way of thinking about everything around us: about the nature, the world, and the society.

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

Seeking to know the truth.

A

Philosophy

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5
Q

It is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge.

A

Philosophy

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6
Q

Who are the 11 philosophers?

A

Socrates
Plato
Saint Augustine of Hippo
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
John Locke (1632-1704)
David Hume (1711-1776)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)
Patricia and Paul Churchland
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)

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7
Q

An ancient greek philosopher, scholar, and teacher.

A

Socrates

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8
Q

One of the big three

A

Socrates

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9
Q

Who are the big three?

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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10
Q

Among the big three, who is the mentor of who?

A

Socrates -> Plato -> Aristotle

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11
Q

The main source of the western thought.

A

Socrates

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12
Q

His works were only known through plato’s writing.

A

Socrates

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13
Q

What do you call Plato’s writing that is about Socrates?

A

The Dialogues

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14
Q

States that “the unexamined life is not worth living.”

A

Socrates

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15
Q

Made the socratic method also known as the dialectic method.

A

Socrates

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16
Q

Pretends to the search for the correct and proper definition which involves asking for consistency and contradiction.

A

Socratic or Dialectic Method

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17
Q

Stone mason with a sharp mind and a brilliant debater which was idolized by Athenians.

A

Socrates

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18
Q

How does athenian settle arguments?

A

By discussion and debate

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19
Q

Real name of Plato

A

Aristocles

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20
Q

What is the name of the school that Plato established?

A

The Academy

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21
Q

Wrote more than 20 dialogues with Socrates as the protagonist in most of them.

A

Plato

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22
Q

What does plato’s metaphysics known as?

A

Theory of Forms

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23
Q

Plato’s theory of love and becoming where people rely on their immediate senses.

A

Allegory of the Cave

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24
Q

Three characteristics of Plato’s forms

A
  1. Ageless and therefore eternal
  2. Unchanging therefore permanent
  3. Unmoving and indivisible
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25
Q

Plato’s Dualism

A

Realm of Shadows and Realm of Forms

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26
Q

Composed of changing and sensible things which are lesser entities and therefore imperfect and flawed.

A

Realm of Shadows

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27
Q

Eternal things which are permanent and perfect. The source of all reality and true knowledge.

A

Realm of Forms

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28
Q

What does Plato’s view of human nature states?

A

Plato describes the soul as having three components.

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29
Q

What are the three components of the soul according to Plato?

A

The reason, spirited, and appetites.

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30
Q

Rational and is the motivation for goodness and truth.

A

The reason

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31
Q

Non-rational and is the will or the thrive towards action.

A

The spirited

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32
Q

Irrational and lean towards the desire for pleasures of the body.

A

The appetites

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33
Q

A Christian philosopher

A

Saint Augustine of Hippo

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34
Q

His concerns are mainly focused with God and man’s relationship with God.

A

Saint Augustine of Hippo

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35
Q

What is the difference between Christian philosophy and Greek philosophy?

A

Christian philosophy relies on god’s commands and his judgement determines what is good and what is evil.

Greek philosophy believes that man innately good and becomes evil through ignorance of what is good.

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36
Q

What are the two realms of Saint Augustine of Hippo?

A
  1. God as a source of all reality and truth
  2. Sinfulness of man
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37
Q

According to Saint Augustine, without God as the source of all truth, man could never understand eternal truths.

A

God as a source of all reality and truth

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38
Q

Sinfulness of man

A

According to Saint Augustine, the causes of sin or evil is an act of man’s free will where moral goodness can only be achieved through the grace of God.

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39
Q

What are the four roles of love?

A

Love of physical objects (Sin of Greed)
Love for other people (Sin of Jealousy)
Love for the self (Sin of Pride)
Love for God (Real Happiness)

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40
Q

The father of modern philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

41
Q

Introduce the cartesian method

A

Rene Descartes

42
Q

Two operations under the cartesian method

A

Intuition and deduction

43
Q

The ability to apprehend the direction of certain truths.

A

Intuition

44
Q

The power to discover what is not known by progressing to an orderly way from what is already known where truths are arrived at using a step by step process.

A

Deduction

45
Q

“I think, therefore I am”

A

Rene Descartes

46
Q

The soul or mind is separate from the body.

A

Mind-Body Problem

47
Q

According to Descartes, the body is like a machine that is controlled by the ___ and aided by the ___.

A

will, mind

48
Q

Where was John Locke born?

A

Wrington, England

49
Q

Son of Puritan Lawyer

A

John Locke

50
Q

His interest is the acquisition of knowledge.

A

John Locke

51
Q

Knowledge results from ideas produced by experiences.

A

Posteriori

52
Q

Blank slate

A

Tabula rasa

53
Q

According to him, moral good depends on conformity or non-conformity of a person’s behavior towards some law.

A

John Locke

54
Q

What are the three laws according to Locke?

A

Law of Opinion
Civil Law
Divine Law

55
Q

Praise worthy actions are virtues and those that are not are vice.

A

Law of Opinion

56
Q

Right actions are enforced by people in authority.

A

Civil Law

57
Q

Deemed to be the true law for human behavior actions of man are set by God.

A

Divine Law

58
Q

Where was David Hume born?

A

Edinburg, Scotland

59
Q

What happened at the time when David Hume was enrolled at the university of Edinburg?

A

He lost faith

60
Q

According to Hume, what are the two types of perceptions that make up the content of the human mind?

A

Impressions and ideas

61
Q

Immediate sensations of external reality.

A

Impressions

62
Q

Recollection of impressions.

A

Ideas

63
Q

What are the three principles on how ideas relate to one another?

A

The Principle of Resemblance
The Principle of Contiguity
The Principle of Cause and Effect

64
Q

Sensing the likeness of current experience to previous experiences.

A

The Principle of Resemblance

65
Q

Associating an event to another event.

A

The Principle of Contiguity

66
Q

Principle that all events have sufficient causes and this idea arises only when people experience certain relation between objects does it cannot be a basis for knowledge.

A

The Principle of Cause and Effect

67
Q

Where was Immanuel Kant born?

A

Konisberg in East Prussia (presently Western Russia)

68
Q

Argued that the mind actively participates in knowing the objects it experiences.

A

Immanuel Kant

69
Q

Founder of German Idealism

A

Immanuel Kant

70
Q

Who states that instead of the mind conforming to the world, it is the external world that conforms to the mind?

A

Immanuel Kant

71
Q

Who awakened Immanuel Kant?

A

David Hume

72
Q

An austrian neurologist that is considered to be one of the pioneering figures in the field of psychology.

A

Sigmund Freud

73
Q

Focuses on the working of the unconscious mind or psychoanalysis.

A

Sigmund Freud

74
Q

The works of the mind impacts strongly on the body resulting in emotional stability or psychological dysfunctions.

A

Psychodynamic Theory

75
Q

What are those under the topography of the mind?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

76
Q

Pleasure principle

A

Id

77
Q

Reality principle

A

Ego

78
Q

Moral principle

A

Superego

79
Q

What are the two kinds of instincts that drive individual behavior?

A

Eros (Life)
Thanatos (Death)

80
Q

What is the energy of eros called?

A

Libido

81
Q

Behavior towards destruction in a form of aggression and violence.

A

Thanatos

82
Q

An english philosopher that contradicted the cartesian dualism.

A

Gilbert Ryle

83
Q

He states that the man is endowed with free will.

A

Gilbert Ryle

84
Q

He thought that free will was invented to answer the question of whether an action deserves praise or blame.

A

Gilbert Ryle

85
Q

Involves an ability and not just intellect.

A

Knowing

86
Q

What are the two types of knowledge according to Gilbert Ryle?

A

Knowing-that
Knowing-how

87
Q

An empty intellectualism as it refers to only knowing facts.

A

Knowing-that

88
Q

Using facts and performing it using skill or technical abilities.

A

Knowing-how

89
Q

Canadian philosophers that coined the term “neurophilosophy”.

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

90
Q

Uses the application of neurology to problems such as the mind-body problem.

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

91
Q

States that the man’s brain is responsible for the identity known as the “self”.

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

92
Q

It is the study of philosophy of the mind, science, neuroscience, and psychology which aims to explore the relevance of neuroscientific experiments to human mind.

A

Neurophilosophy

93
Q

Brain-mind issue is the center of this study.

A

Neurophilosophy

94
Q

A French phenomenological philosopher.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

95
Q

Known as the philosopher of the body.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

96
Q

He emphasized that the human body is the primary site of knowing the world.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

97
Q

His focus is on the relationship between self experience and experience of other people.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

98
Q

He developed the concept of body-subject and contented that perceptions occur existentially.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

99
Q

He wrote books on perception, art, and political thought.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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