Phillipines NU

Question 1

Philippines Educational Policy

Answer 1

Used education to disseminate states version of national history and foster National Unity
Heroic interpretation of anti colonial revolution and virtues of American tutelage
However minority groups like the Huks and Moros experienced diff historical experience

1957 Commission on National Integration to promote education scholarships for Moros, however significant proportion of these found themselves unable to compete with advantaged Christians

Question 2

Philippines Language Policy

Answer 2

Initially National Language of Fillipino and set Tagalog ethnicity up as dominant culture but Tagalog never exceed 70%
Change to Bilingual Policy in 1974 for English and Filipino, but English emerged as more prominent language
Remained a vocal oppression to Tagalog preeminence

Question 3

Philippines Religious Policy

Answer 3

Christianity dominant culture as shown by how Catholic Church played a crucial role on overthrowing Marcos with broadcasts and calls to People Power Protests
However also further alienated the Mindanao Muslims

Question 4

Philippines Minority: Mindanao Muslims

Answer 4

Due to the economic differentiation between central and surrounding, led to perception of neglect towards Mindanao Muslims (Moro)
Tried to embark on Transmigration of Christians to Moro to assimilate Moro into society: led to conflicts over land and further divided and brought disunity
1971 Martial Law under Marcos led to the formation of the MNLF as it hardened separatist tendencies. Govt responded with all out force.
Despite formation of ARMM, MNLF still maintained its insurgency

Question 5

Vietnam Minority groups

Answer 5

Initially SRV attempted assimilation of minority groups into majority culture dominated by shared history and communist ideology; 1978 integration policies to create civic national myth, accompanied by clampdown on expressions of minority cultures
1986 onwards pursued more multiculturalism and relaxed attitudes towards cultural expression

Question 6

Vietnam Language Policy

Answer 6

Attempted to get ethnic majority to learn the languages of the minority in the region, and broadcast television in those regions in minority languages
However Kinh language used as medium for education in schools

Question 7

Vietnam Education Policy

Answer 7

Law required universal education for ALL children regardless of religion or ethnicity and ethnic minorities were not required to pay regular school fees. Operated special schools for minority kids and gave preferential scholarships and admissions for ethnic minorities.
The use of Kinh as medium for education also hampered ability of minorities