Philippine History and World History Flashcards
Who is the General who said “I shall return” after training troops in Australia?
a. Carlos P. Romulo
b. Douglas McArthur
c. Arthur McArthur
d. Frederick Funston
Answer: B. Douglas McArthur
Rationalization:
During Douglas McArthur’s journey, he was informed that there were far fewer
Allied troops in Australia than he had hoped. Relief of his forces trapped in the
Philippines would not be forthcoming. Deeply disappointed, he issued a
statement to the press in which he promised his men and the people of the
Philippines, “I shall return.”
When is the exact date of Rizal’s birth?
a. June 19, 1891
b. June 19, 1862
c. June 19, 1881
d. June 19, 1861
Answer: D. June 19, 1861
Rationalization:
José Rizal, in full José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, (born June
19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila), patriot,
physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist
movement.
Who said, “The Filipino is worth dying for”?
a. Benigno Aquino
b. Carlos P. Garcia
c. Fidel V. Ramosd
d. Jose P. Rizal
Answer: A. Benigno Aquino
Rationalization:
From Taipei he flew to Manila on then Taiwan’s flag carrier China Airlines Flight
811. Marcos wanted Aquino to stay out of politics, however Aquino asserted his
willingness to suffer the consequences declaring, “the Filipino is worth dying for.”
Among the following Spanish galleons, which galleon is Ferdinand Magellan’s
flagship?
a. Victoria
b. Trinidad
c. San Antonio
d. Santiago
Answer: B. Trinidad
Rationalization:
The Trinidad was the flag ship of Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet in its expedition for
the Spice Islands. It was the best and also the most inexpensive of the five ships (Victoria, Concepcion, Santiago, Trinidad and San Antonio), since its price
(270,000 maravedies) was sixty five percent lower than the Victoria.
Who is the President known for his “Filipino First Policy”?
a. Diosdado Macapagal
b. Manuel Roxas
c. Carlos P. Garcia
d. Ramon Magsaysay
Answer: C. Carlos P. Garcia
Rationalization:
The Filipino First Policy was introduced by nationalist President Carlos García,
favoring Philippine economic interests over American interests. The effects of the
policy were seen in investment in Philippine industry, the creation of new
businesses, and rising local investment in local initiatives
“I die when the dawn breaks the herald of the day.” This is a famous quote from
____________.
a. Jose P. Rizal
b. Benigno Aquino
c. Ramon Magsaysay
d. Andres Bonifacio
Answer: A. Jose P. Rizal
Rationalization:
“I die just when I see the dawn break, Through the gloom of night, to herald the
day,” the SC cited a portion of the poem Mi Ultimo Adios which Rizal wrote a day
before he was executed by firing squad at dawn when the sun was rising on the
site where his monument stands
Which band played the Marcha Nacional Filipina or the national anthem on June
12, 1898 during the declaration of Philippine Independence?
a. Pangkat kawayan ng Pateros
b. Kawit Cavite Band
c. Malabon Band
d. San Francisco del monte Band
Answer: C. Malabon Band
Rationalization:
President Aguinaldo instructed Felipe to teach the piece, re-named “Marcha
Nacional Filipina,” which will be played by the San Francisco de Malabon Band
on the declaration of Philippine Indenpenc
The first Spanish governor and adelantado of the Philippines
a. Guido de Lavesarez
b. Ferdinand Magellan
c. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
d. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
Answer: C.Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
Rationalization:
Miguel López de Legazpi (1502-1572) was a colonial official in New Spain,
Pacific explorer and conquistador who led the Spanish expedition that began the
colonization of the Philippines and launched the first Asia-American trading line.
He was given the prestigious title adelantado of the Ladrone Islands, as partial
payment for his services to the Crown and also served as the first governor of the
Philippines until his death
The first ever Christian mass was celebrated on March 31, 1521 in Limasawa
south of Leyte. Who officiated the said event?
a. Friar Jose Sanchez
b. Friar Federico Faura
c. Friar Pedro de Valderrama
d. Friar Pedro Payo
Answer: C. Friar Pedro de Valderrama
Rationalization:
On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered a mass to be
celebrated which was officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusion
chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then. Conducted near the shores of the
island, the Holy First Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the
Philippines.
Who was the recognized leader of the Cavite Magdalo faction of Katipunan?
a. Andres Bonifacio
b. Mariano Alvarez
c. Baldomero Aguinaldo
d. Emilio Aguinaldo
Answer: C. Baldomero Aguinaldo
Rationalization:
Magdalo is one faction of the Katipunan in Cavite, led by Baldomero Aguinaldo,
with headquarters in Kawit,Cavite.
Who was the first elected Supremo of the Katipunan?
a. Deodato Arellano
b. Ladislao Diwa
c. Teodoro Plata
d. Andres Bonifacio
Answer: A. Deodato Arellano
Rationalization:
The first Supremo of the Katipunan was Deodato Arellano, followed by Roman
Basa and finally, Andres Bonifacio. In 1893, women were given the chance to
join the organization.
What started the American-Spanish War?
a. The bombing of Pearl harbour
b. The attack of Spanish soldiers on American soldiers
c. The sinking of the battleship Maine
d. The killing of Cubans in Cuba
Answer: C. The sinking of the battleship Maine
Rationalization:
The reasons for war were many, but there were two immediate ones: America’s
support the ongoing struggle by Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule, and
the mysterious explosion of the battleship U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor
A worker in the printing press of Diario de Manila told his sister about the
existence of the Katipunan. Who was this worker?
a. Daniel Tirona
b. Mariano Gil
c. Teodoro Patino
d. Valentin Diaz
Answer: C. Teodoro Patino
Rationalization:
The big break for the Spanish authorities came when on August 19, 1896, a KKK
member, Teodoro Patino told his sister Honoria about the existence of the
Katipunan, who was then living with the nuns in a Mandaluyong orphanage.
Patinio was a worker in the printing press of Diario de Manila.
Who headed the Second Philippine Commission?
a. Henry C. Ide
b. Dean C. Worcester
c. Bernard Moses
d. William H. Taft
Answer: D. William H. Taft
Rationalization:
The Second Philippine Commission (the Taft Commission), appointed by
McKinley on March 16, 1900, and headed by William Howard Taft, was granted
legislative as well as limited executive powers
July 30, 1934, The Constitutional Convention is assembled to frame the
Constitution of the Philippines. Who was elected president of the convention?
a. Jose Abad Santos
b. Claro M. Recto
c. Jose P Laurel
d. Manuel Roxas
Answer: B. Claro M. Recto
Rationalization:
Delegates to the convention were subsequently elected in 1934. In the first
meeting held on July 30 at the session of the House of Representatives, Claro M.
Recto was unanimously elected as its President.
.Dr. Jose Rizal, the country’s foremost hero gave this name to his native land on
the eve of his execution in 1896.
a. Pearl of the Orient
b. Pearl of the Orient Seas
c. Rizaline Republic
d. Maharlika
Answer: B. Pearl of the Orient Seas
Rationalization:
For centuries, the Philippines has been called “Pearl of the Orient Seas,” thanks
to its national hero Dr. Jose Rizal who first coined the phrase in the first
paragraph of his classic “My Last Farewell.”
a. Pearl of the Orient - term given by Fr. Juan Delgado
c. Rizaline Republic - term given by Artemio Ricarte
d. Maharlika - term given by Ferdinand Marcos
The first woman admitted as a mason in the Philippines
a. Josefa Rizal
b. Rosario Villaruel
c. Agueda Kahabagan
d. Gabriela Silang
Answer: B. Rosario Villaruel
Rationalization:
Rosario Villaruel was the first woman Mason in the Philippines who joined the
organization in 1893. She took the masonic name “Minerva.”
a. Josefa Rizal - President of the Women Chapter of Katipunan
c. Agueda Kahabagan - “Tagalog Joan of Arc”
d. Gabriela Silang - “Ilocandia Joan of Arc”
Constantinople, the capital of Byzantine Empire is now called
a. Malolos Constitution
b. Biak na Bato Constitution
c. Freedom Constitution
d. 1935 Constitution
Answer: A. Malolos Constitution
Rationalization:
The Political Constitution of 1899 (Spanish: Constitución Política de 1899),
informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the basic law of the First
Philippine Republic
On October 16, 1907 was the inauguration of the First Philippine Assembly. Who
was the first Filipino to be elected Speaker of the House, the highest elected
position.
a. Manuel L. Quezon
b. Sergio Osmena
c. Pedro Paterno
d. Felipe Agoncillo
Answer: B. Sergio Osmena
Rationalization:
Sergio Osmeña was the first Speaker of the House—one of two Philippine
Presidents who became Leader of the House of Representatives, the other being
Manuel Roxas.
a. Manuel L. Quezon - First senate president
c. Pedro Paterno - Mediator of Pact of Biak na Bato
d. Felipe Agoncillo - First Filipino Diplomat
.Pres. Magsaysay was loved by the Filipinos because of his unorthodox way of
management. He was then dubbed as _____________.
a. The Nationalistic President
b. The Man of the Masses
c. The Greatest Malay
d. The Father Philippine Democracy
Answer: B. The Man of the Masses
Rationalization:
He became popularly known as “The Idol of the Masses”. Congress approved,
on August 11, 1955, legislation empowering President Magsaysay to break up
large landed estates and distribute the land to tenant farmers.
c. The Greatest Malay – Jose Rizal
d. The Father Philippine Democracy – Andres Bonifacio
What was Vice President Macapagal’s “name call” when he ran for president of
the Philippines in 1961?
a. The Untouchable
b. The Poor Boy from Lubao
c. The Man
d. The Incorruptible
Answer: B. The Poor Boy from Lubao
Rationalization:
Diosdado Macapagal was born in Lubao, Pampanga on September 28, 1910 to
Urbano Macapagal and Romana Pangan. Known as the “poor boy from Lubao,”
He rose to become the 9th President of the Philippines in 1961. His journey from
his humble beginnings in Lubao to the country’s premier office in Malacanang
was an inspiration for Filipinos
He promised to “make this country great again” and ruled for about twenty years.
a. Diosdado Macapagal
b. Ferdinand Marcos
c. Ramon Magsaysay
d. Carlos Garcia
Answer: B. Ferdinand Marcos
Rationalization:
As President, Mr. Marcos promised ‘‘with the help of the masses to make this
country great again.’’ He energetically set about slashing the Government payroll,
enhancing the rice supply and increasing the construction of schools, highways,
medical centers and the like.
Which of the following is the chairman of this First Philippine Commission?
a. William H. Taft
b. Dean Worcester
c. Jacob Schurman
d. Luke Wright
Answer: C. Jacob Schurman
Rationalization:
On January 20, 1899, President McKinley appointed the First Philippine
Commission (the Schurman Commission), a five-person group headed by Dr.
Jacob Schurman, president of Cornell University, to investigate conditions in the
islands and make recommendations
The fundamental objectives of the Katipunan are __________________.
a. political, economic and civic
b. political, civic, and moral
c. social, political, civic
d. political, social, and economic
Answer: B. political, civic, and moral
Rationalization:
The Katipunan laid down three fundamental objectives – political, moral and
civic. Political – separation of the Philippines from Spain; moral – good manners,
hygiene, good morals, and rejection of religious fanaticism and weakness of
character; and civic – self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed
Which of the following was the greatest naval battle in history during the
Japanese occupation of the Philippines?
a. Battle of Leyte Gulf
b. Battle of Surigao Strait
c. Battle of Samar
d. Battle of Cape Engano
Answer: A. Battle of Leyte Gulf
Rationalization:
Leyte Gulf was the greatest naval battle of the modern era, involving some 370
ships and over 200,000 personnel, primarily from the United States and Japan.
But in both Japan and the United States, the Battle of Leyte Gulf remains
curiously under-remembered.
Which of the following sporadic uprising is considered as the longest revolt?
a. Bankaw
b. Dagohoy
c. Tamblot
d. Magalat
Answer: B. Dagohoy
Rationalization:
Francisco Dagohoy led the longest revolt against the Spaniards in Philippine
history. The revolt took the Spaniards 85 years (1744-1829) to quell. Forced
labor was one of the causes of the revolt. But what triggered the decision to rise up in arms against the Spanish authorities in Bohol was the refusal of a Jesuit
priest to give a Christian burial to Dagohoy’s brother
What was EDSA II? A popular revolution that _______________________.
a. Overthrow then Pres. Marcos
b. Overthrow then Pres. Estrada
c. Almost toppled down then Pres. Aquino
d. Put the army and civilians work hand in hand
Answer: B. Overthrow then Pres. Estrada
Rationalization:
The Second EDSA Revolution, also known as EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA
Two or EDSA Dos, the Spanish word for “two”), was a political protest from
January 17–20, 2001 that peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph
Estrada, the thirteenth President of the Philippines
Who was the “Boy General” who resisted American rule and was killed in the
Battle of Tirad Pass?
a. Gen. Pio del Pilar
b. Gen. Gregorio del Pilar
c. Gen. Antonio Luna
d. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Answer: B. Gen. Gregorio del Pilar
Rationalization:
Gregoiro del Pilar y Sempio (November 14th, 1875- December 2nd, 1899) was
one of the youngest generals in the Philippine Revolutionary Forces during the
War against Spain and the Philippine-American War, that’s why he was known
as the “Boy General”. His victory in the first phase of the Battle of Quingua or his
last stand at the Battle of Tirad Pass, against the American army.
In the “Death March” prisoners were forced to march from Bataan to this place.
a. Sta. Maria, Bulacan
b. Imus, Cavite
c. Lipa, Batangas
d. San Fernando, Pampanga
Answer: A. San Fernando, Pampanga
Rationalization:
Bataan Death March: April 1942
The surrendered Filipinos and Americans soon were rounded up by the
Japanese and forced to march some 65 miles from Mariveles, on the southern
end of the Bataan Peninsula, to San Fernando
Which city suffered from the first atomic bomb on August 6, 1945?
. Chernobyl
b. Moscow
c. Hiroshima
d. Nagasak
On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber
dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of
Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed
80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure
The first essay of Rizal
a. El Amor Patrio
b. A la Juventud Filipina
c. Sa Aking mga Kabata
d. Mi Ultimo Adios
Answer: A. El Amor Patrio
Rationalization:
The first essay of Jose Rizal as Propagandist is sometimes forgotten. El Amor
Patrio (Love of Country) was penned in the first months he was overseas in
1882. It appeared in Diariong Filipino in Manila under the pseudonym Laong
Laan on 20 August 1882.
Until the revolution in 1932, Thailand was an absolute _______.
a. Republic
b. Dictatorship
c. Commonwealth
d. Monarchy
Answer: D. Monarchy
Rationalization:
Promoters Revolution, also called Revolution of 1932, (June 24, 1932), in the
history of Thailand, a bloodless coup that overthrew the Thai king, put an end to
absolute monarchy in Thailand
What was the first word of the 1987 constitution?
a. People
b. I
c. The
d. We
Answer: D. We
Rationalization:
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES –
PREAMBLE
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society…”
Answer: D. We
Rationalization:
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES –
PREAMBLE
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society…”
Answer: B. Cayetano Arellano
Rationalization:
Cayetano Arellano was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He was
appointed in 1901 when the Supreme Court was created through Act No. 136,
along with three American Justices and one Filipino Justice
What was our government under the 1935 Constitution?
a. Revolutionary
b. Monarchy
c. Commonwealth
d. Militar
Answer: C. Commonwealth
Rationalization:
The 1935 Constitution provided the legal basis of the Commonwealth
Government which was considered a transition government before the granting
of the Philippine independence with American-inspired constitution.
As per agreement in the pact of Biak na Bato, Emilio Aguinaldo was to go into
exile in ____________.
a. Guam
b. Hongkong
c. Singapore
d. Cuba
Answer: B. Hongkong
Rationalization:
General Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President of the Philippines, in 1897 agreed to
exile in Hong Kong in exchange for 400,000 pesos from the Spanish
government.
What is considered as the earliest form of writing in the Philippines?
a. Alibata
b. Sanskrit
c. Kalantiaw
d. Alpabeto
Answer: D. Alibata
Rationalization:
Baybayin or Alibata (known in Unicode as the Tagalog script) is a pre-Hispanic
Philippine writing system that originated from the Javanese script Old Kawi. The
writing system is a member of the Brahmic family (and an offshoot of the
Vatteluttu alphabet) and is believed to be in use as early as the 14th century.D
Who is known as the “Father of the Local Government Code?
a. Jovito Salonga
b. Joseph Estrada
c. Aquilino Pimentel
d. Corazon Aquino
Answer: A. Aquilino Pimentel
Rationalization:
Aquilino “Nene” Pimentel, Jr., former Senate president and principal author of
Republic Act 7160, or the Local Government Code of 1991, insisted that our
country is not a dumpsite for other nations’ rubbish and that local government
units (LGUs) are right in exercising their powers to prevent such wrongful act.
Who is considered to be? the longest living president who died in the age of 94
a. Emilio Aguinaldo
b. Jose Laurel
c. Manuel Quezon
d. Sergio Osmena
Answer: A. Emilio Aguinaldo
Rationalization:
Emilio Aguinaldo was the first and only president of the First Philippine Republic,
or Malolos Republic. He led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and
the American-Philippine War. He was the youngest president to take office at age
28 and the longest-lived president, passing away at 94 in 1965.
In what district of Manila was the Katipunan founded?
a. Intramuros
b. Binondo
c. Tondo
d. Sampaloc
Answer: C. Tondo
Rationalization:
The Katipunan spread gradually from the Tondo district of Manila, where
Bonifacio had founded it, to the provinces, and by August 1896–on the eve of the
revolt against Spain–it had some 30,000 members, both men and women.
On what year did Haiyan or Yolanda, one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever
recorded, devastated Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines?
a. 2000
b. 1999
c. 2013
d. 2014
Answer: C. 2013
Rationalization:
Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, made landfall in
the Philippines on Nov. 8, 2013, as a Category 5 storm. It laid waste to the
Visayas group of islands, the country’s central region and home to 17 million
people. Haiyan was the most powerful storm in 2013 and one of the most
powerful typhoons of all time.
The Ancient Greeks divided the world into three continents, namely Europe, Asia
and _________.
a. Ahtens
b. Africa
c. Troy
d. Sparta
Answer: B. Africa
Rationalization:
The ancient Greeks divided the world into three continents, Europe, Asia, and
Libya (Africa)
In which year of First World War Germany declared war on Russia and France?
a. 1914
b. 1915
c. 1916
d. 1917
Answer: A. 1914
Rationalization: July 31, 1914 - Reacting to the Austrian attack on Serbia, Russia
begins full mobilization of its troops. Germany demands that it stop.
August 1, 1914 - Germany declares war on Russia, France and Belgium begin
full mobilization.
Hundred Years’ War was fought between
a. France and England
b. Civil war in England
c. Greek and Persian forces
d. None of the above
Answer: A. France and England
Rationalization:
The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a series of conflicts fought between
England and France over succession to the French throne. It lasted 116 years
and saw many major battles – from the battle of Crécy in 1346 to the battle of
Agincourt in 1415
In which year did Sir Edmund Hillary reach the summit of Mount Everest?
a. 1952
b. 1953
c. 1954
d. 1955
Answer: B. 1953
Rationalization:
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay reach Everest summit. At 11:30 a.m. on
May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa of
Nepal, become the first explorers to reach the summit of Mount Everest, which at
29,035 feet above sea level is the highest point on earth.
