PHILIPPINE HISTORY Flashcards
- Q: What is the term for the early Philippine writing system?
A: Baybayin - Q: Who were the indigenous people that lived in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
A: Negritos or Aetas - Q: What is the traditional form of government in pre-colonial Philippines?
A: Barangay - Q: Who were the local chieftains that ruled the barangays?
A: Datus - Q: What was the name of the early Filipino epic about the hero Lam-ang?
A: Biag ni Lam-ang - Q: What is the name of the indigenous animistic religion in the Philippines?
A: Anito or animism - Q: What is the name of the Filipino wooden pestle used for rice pounding?
A: Lusong - Q: What term describes traditional Filipino tattooing?
A: Batok - Q: Which ancient artifact found in Butuan dates back to 320 AD?
A: The Butuan Balangay - Q: What early form of government in the Philippines involves council meetings among datus?
A: Sanduguan
Pre-colonial Period
What is the term for the early Philippine writing system?
Baybayin
Who were the indigenous people that lived in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
Negritos or Aetas
What is the traditional form of government in pre-colonial Philippines?
Barangay
Who were the local chieftains that ruled the barangays?
Datus
What was the name of the early Filipino epic about the hero Lam-ang?
Biag ni Lam-ang
What is the name of the indigenous animistic religion in the Philippines?
A:
Anito or animism
What term describes traditional Filipino tattooing?
Batok
Which ancient artifact found in Butuan dates back to 320 AD?
The Butuan Balangay
What early form of government in the Philippines involves council meetings among datus?
Sanduguan
What early form of government in the Philippines involves council meetings among datus?
Sanduguan
- Q: What is the name of the Filipino wooden pestle used for rice pounding?
A: Lusong
- Q: Who led the first Spanish expedition to the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Magellan - Q: In what year did Magellan arrive in the Philippines?
A: 1521 - Q: Where was Magellan killed?
A: Mactan - Q: Who was the ruler of Mactan who defeated Magellan?
A: Lapu-Lapu - Q: What was the name of the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines?
A: Cebu - Q: Who established Manila as the capital of the Philippines?
A: Miguel López de Legazpi - Q: What was the name of the Filipino-Greek mestizo priest executed in 1872?
A: Fr. Jose Burgos - Q: What were the three Filipino priests who led the secularization movement called?
A: Gomburza - Q: What Spanish decree forced Filipinos to provide labor for public works?
A: Polo y Servicio - Q: What was the term for Filipino resistance groups against Spanish rule?
A: Katipunan
Spanish Colonial Period
Who led the first Spanish expedition to the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Magellan
In what year did Magellan arrive in the Philippines?
1521
Where was Magellan killed?
Mactan
Who was the ruler of Mactan who defeated Magellan?
Lapu-Lapu
What was the name of the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines?
Cebu
Who established Manila as the capital of the Philippines?
Miguel López de Legazpi
- Q: What was the name of the Filipino-Greek mestizo priest executed in 1872?
Fr. Jose Burgos
What were the three Filipino priests who led the secularization movement called?
Gomburza
What Spanish decree forced Filipinos to provide labor for public works?
Polo y Servicio
What was the term for Filipino resistance groups against Spanish rule?
Katipunan
What was the term for Filipino resistance groups against Spanish rule?
Katipunan
- Q: Who founded the Katipunan in 1892?
A: Andres Bonifacio - Q: What is the pen name of Jose Rizal?
A: Laong Laan and Dimasalang - Q: What is the title of Jose Rizal’s first novel?
A: Noli Me Tangere - Q: Who was the first President of the Philippines?
A: Emilio Aguinaldo - Q: Where was the Philippine Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
A: Kawit, Cavite - Q: What is the date of Philippine Independence from Spain?
A: June 12, 1898 - Q: Who was the leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan?
A: Emilio Aguinaldo - Q: What was the name of the secret meeting place of the Katipunan in Manila?
A: The Katipunan’s “Tejeros Convention” - Q: Who was known as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution”?
A: Andres Bonifacio - Q: Who designed the first Philippine flag?
A: Marcela Agoncillo
Philippine Revolution
Who founded the Katipunan in 1892?
Andres Bonifacio
What is the pen name of Jose Rizal?
Laong Laan and Dimasalang
What is the pen name of Jose Rizal?
Laong Laan and Dimasalang
What is the title of Jose Rizal’s first novel?
Noli Me Tangere
Who was the first President of the Philippines?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Who was the first President of the Philippines?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Where was the Philippine Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
A:
Kawit, Cavite
What is the date of Philippine Independence from Spain?
June 12, 1898
Who was the leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Who was the leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan?
Emilio Aguinaldo
What was the name of the secret meeting place of the Katipunan in Manila?
The Katipunan’s “Tejeros Convention”
What was the name of the secret meeting place of the Katipunan in Manila?
The Katipunan’s “Tejeros Convention”
Who was known as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution”?
Andres Bonifacio
Who was known as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution”?
Andres Bonifacio
Who designed the first Philippine flag?
Marcela Mariño de Agoncillo
Who designed the first Philippine flag?
Marcela Agoncillo
Who designed the first Philippine flag?
Marcela Agoncillo
- Q: In what treaty did Spain cede the Philippines to the United States?
A: Treaty of Paris (1898) - Q: Who was the first American civil governor of the Philippines?
A: William Howard Taft - Q: Who was the Filipino general who resisted American colonization in Mindanao?
A: General Miguel Malvar - Q: What was the name of the Philippine-American War’s longest battle?
A: Battle of Tirad Pass - Q: When did the Philippine-American War officially end?
A: July 4, 1902 - Q: What act officially established the Philippine Assembly?
A: Philippine Organic Act of 1902 - Q: Who was the Filipino nationalist senator known for his speech, “A Call for Filipino Unity”?
A: Claro M. Recto - Q: What educational system was established during the American period?
A: The public school system - Q: Who was the first female senator of the Philippines?
A: Geronima Pecson - Q: When was the Tydings-McDuffie Act passed?
A: 1934
American Colonial Period
- Q: When did the Japanese forces occupy the Philippines?
A: 1942 - Q: Who led the Japanese-sponsored government during World War II?
A: Jose P. Laurel - Q: What was the name of the Filipino guerrilla resistance group?
A: Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon) - Q: What infamous event occurred on April 9, 1942, involving Filipino and American soldiers?
A: The Bataan Death March - Q: Who led the return of American forces to the Philippines in 1944?
A: General Douglas MacArthur - Q: In which Philippine city did General MacArthur land upon his return?
A: Leyte - Q: What was the code name for the U.S. invasion of the Philippines in 1944?
A: Operation Musketeer - Q: When did Manila achieve its liberation from Japanese forces?
A: February 1945 - Q: Who served as president of the Philippine Commonwealth government during World War II?
A: Manuel L. Quezon - Q: What was the capital city declared by the Japanese government during their occupation?
A: Baguio
Japanese Occupation
- Q: When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946 - Q: Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas - Q: Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947 - Q: What is the name of the agreement that closed U.S. bases in the Philippines in 1991?
A: Philippine Senate Resolution No. 1259 - Q: Who succeeded Manuel Roxas as president after his death in 1948?
A: Elpidio Quirino - Q: Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos - Q: What year was Martial Law declared by Ferdinand Marcos?
A: 1972 - Q: When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986 - Q: Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino - Q: Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
Post-War and Independence
- Q: When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946 - Q: Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas - Q: Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947 - Q: What is the name of the agreement that closed U.S. bases in the Philippines in 1991?
A: Philippine Senate Resolution No. 1259 - Q: Who succeeded Manuel Roxas as president after his death in 1948?
A: Elpidio Quirino - Q: Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos - Q: What year was Martial Law declared by Ferdinand Marcos?
A: 1972 - Q: When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986 - Q: Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino - Q: Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
Post-War and Independence
- Q: When did Mount Pinatubo erupt, causing global effects?
A: 1991 - Q: Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos - Q: When was the Republic Act 7941 or Party-List System Act passed?
A: 1995 - Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada - Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013 - Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte - Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) - Q: What was the outcome of the Philippines’ arbitration case against China in 2016?
A: The Philippines won; China’s claims were invalidated. - Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino - Q: What year did the Philippines withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
A: 2019
Modern History and Key Events
- Q: When did Mount Pinatubo erupt, causing global effects?
A: 1991 - Q: Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos - Q: When was the Republic Act 7941 or Party-List System Act passed?
A: 1995 - Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada - Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013 - Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte - Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) - Q: What was the outcome of the Philippines’ arbitration case against China in 2016?
A: The Philippines won; China’s claims were invalidated. - Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino - Q: What year did the Philippines withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
A: 2019
Modern History and Key Events
- Q: In what treaty did Spain cede the Philippines to the United States?
A: Treaty of Paris (1898)
In what treaty did Spain cede the Philippines to the United States?
A: Treaty of Paris (1898)
Who was the first American civil governor of the Philippines?
A: William Howard Taft
Who was the Filipino general who resisted American colonization in Mindanao?
A: General Miguel Malvar
What was the name of the Philippine-American War’s longest battle?
A: Battle of Tirad Pass
What was the name of the Philippine-American War’s longest battle?
A: Battle of Tirad Pass
When did the Philippine-American War officially end?
July 4, 1902
When did the Philippine-American War officially end?
July 4, 1902
- Q: What act officially established the Philippine Assembly?
A: Philippine Organic Act of 1902
- Q: What act officially established the Philippine Assembly?
A: Philippine Organic Act of 1902
- Q: Who was the Filipino nationalist senator known for his speech, “A Call for Filipino Unity”?
A: Claro M. Recto
- Q: Who was the Filipino nationalist senator known for his speech, “A Call for Filipino Unity”?
A: Claro M. Recto
- Q: What educational system was established during the American period?
A: The public school system
- Q: What educational system was established during the American period?
A: The public school system
- Q: Who was the first female senator of the Philippines?
A: Geronima Pecson
- Q: Who was the first female senator of the Philippines?
A: Geronima Pecson
- Q: When was the Tydings-McDuffie Act passed?
A: 1934
When did the Japanese forces occupy the Philippines?
1942
When did the Japanese forces occupy the Philippines?
1942
Q: Who led the Japanese-sponsored government during World War II?
A: Jose P. Laurel
Q: What was the name of the Filipino guerrilla resistance group?
A: Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
Q: What was the name of the Filipino guerrilla resistance group?
A: Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon)
What infamous event occurred on April 9, 1942, involving Filipino and American soldiers?
A: The Bataan Death March
Who led the return of American forces to the Philippines in 1944?
A: General Douglas MacArthur
Who led the return of American forces to the Philippines in 1944?
A: General Douglas MacArthur
In which Philippine city did General MacArthur land upon his return?
A: Leyte
In which Philippine city did General MacArthur land upon his return?
A: Leyte
What was the code name for the U.S. invasion of the Philippines in 1944?
A: Operation Musketeer
When did Manila achieve its liberation from Japanese forces?
A: February 1945
Who served as president of the Philippine Commonwealth government during World War II?
A: Manuel L. Quezon
Who served as president of the Philippine Commonwealth government during World War II?
A: Manuel L. Quezon
What was the capital city declared by the Japanese government during their occupation?
A: Baguio
What was the capital city declared by the Japanese government during their occupation?
A: Baguio
When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946
When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
A: July 4, 1946
Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas
Who was the first president of the Third Philippine Republic?
A: Manuel Roxas
Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947
Which treaty established the military bases of the United States in the Philippines?
A: Military Bases Agreement of 1947
What is the name of the agreement that closed U.S. bases in the Philippines in 1991?
A: Philippine Senate Resolution No. 1259
Who succeeded Manuel Roxas as president after his death in 1948?
A: Elpidio Quirino
Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos
Who was the first president to serve in the Fourth Republic of the Philippines?
A: Ferdinand Marcos
What year was Martial Law declared by Ferdinand Marcos?
A: 1972
When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986
When did the EDSA People Power Revolution take place?
A: February 1986
Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino
Who was the first female president of the Philippines?
A: Corazon Aquino
Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
Who was the president of the Philippines during the Philippine Centennial in 1998?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
When did Mount Pinatubo erupt, causing global effects?
A: 1991
Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
Who succeeded Corazon Aquino as president in 1992?
A: Fidel V. Ramos
- Q: When was the Republic Act 7941 or Party-List System Act passed?
A: 1995
- Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada
- Q: Who was the Philippine president impeached in 2001?
A: Joseph Estrada
- Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013
- Q: When did the Philippines file an arbitration case against China over the South China Sea?
A: 2013
- Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte
- Q: Who was elected as president of the Philippines in 2016?
A: Rodrigo Duterte
- Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
- Q: Which is the official government entity responsible for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Philippines?
A: National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
- Q: What was the outcome of the Philippines’ arbitration case against China in 2016?
A: The Philippines won; China’s claims were invalidated.
- Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino
- Q: Who was the first vice president of the Philippines elected independently of the president?
A: Elpidio Quirino
- Q: What year did the Philippines withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
A: 2019
What artifact found in Laguna dates back to the 9th century and contains the earliest known written language in the Philippines?
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
Which pre-colonial kingdom, mentioned in Chinese records, traded with the Chinese in the 10th century and is believed to have been located in present-day Manila Bay?
Kingdom of Tondo
Who was the ruler of Manila that opposed Spanish colonization and initially resisted Miguel López de Legazpi in 1571?
Rajah Sulayman
What was the indigenous religion in Visayas known as before the Spanish arrival, centered around the worship of spirits and nature deities?
Anitism or Visayan Animism
Which ancient kingdom in what is now the Visayas was believed to have established trade relations with the Srivijaya Empire?
Kingdom of Butuan
Who led the first recorded revolt against Spanish rule in 1574 in Pampanga and was executed for his actions?
Lakandula
Which 17th-century revolt in Ilocos was led by a mestizo, resisting Spanish oppression due to forced labor and tribute?
Revolt of Diego Silang
Which region saw the longest-running revolt in Philippine history, led by the Moro people who resisted Spanish and American colonization for over 300 years?
Mindanao (specifically the Moro region)
Which Philippine province was the site of the uprising led by Francisco Dagohoy, the longest revolt in Philippine history?
Bohol
In 1762, the British briefly occupied Manila during which conflict that impacted the Philippines despite being primarily a European war?
Seven Years’ War
Who wrote the original draft of the Malolos Constitution?
Felipe Calderón
What was the term for the elite members of Philippine society who often collaborated with the Spanish and then the Americans during colonization?
Illustrados
Who was the leader of the revolutionary forces in Cavite and the original president of the Philippine revolutionary government before Emilio Aguinaldo?
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
What was the name of the newspaper that Andres Bonifacio used to communicate revolutionary ideas?
Kalayaan
Who was the youngest general in the Philippine Revolutionary Army, often referred to as the ‘Hero of Tirad Pass’?
General Gregorio del Pilar
Where did Emilio Aguinaldo retreat and later surrender to American forces, marking the end of the Philippine-American War?
Palanan, Isabela
Who was the Kapampangan military leader that resisted American forces after Aguinaldo’s capture, making him one of the last Filipino generals to surrender?
General Miguel Malvar
Who was the first Filipino resident commissioner to the United States during the American colonial period?
Benito Legarda
What significant education act was passed in 1901, marking the start of the public education system under American rule?
Act No. 74
Which Filipino nationalist is remembered for advocating ‘Filipino First’ economic policies and inspired the 1957 nationalist movement?
Claro M. Recto
What landmark case ruled that Filipino nationals were not U.S. citizens but were ‘nationals,’ affecting their immigration rights?
Insular Cases
What was the first state university established in the Philippines by the Americans?
University of the Philippines (1908)
What was the name of the organization formed by Filipinos in the United States to resist U.S. colonization?
Philippine Independence Mission
What act signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1934 promised Philippine independence within ten years?
Tydings-McDuffie Act
Who led the underground Filipino intelligence network known as the ‘Hunters ROTC Guerrillas’ during the Japanese occupation?
Miguel Z. Ver
What was the name of the collaborative government established by the Japanese in the Philippines?
Second Philippine Republic
Who was the Filipino general known for escaping Bataan and organizing guerrilla operations during the Japanese occupation?
General Vicente P. Lim
What was the infamous campaign against suspected guerrilla supporters that led to mass arrests and killings by Japanese forces?
Manila Massacre
What was the code name for MacArthur’s return to the Philippines, leading to the liberation of Leyte in 1944?
Operation King II
What was the official Philippine flag used during the Japanese occupation, slightly different from the current one?
The flag featured the Japanese sun emblem (no red triangle).
What economic policy did President Manuel Roxas implement that tied the Philippines’ economy closely to the U.S. post-independence?
Bell Trade Act
Who were the Hukbalahap (Huks), and what was their main purpose post-WWII?
A peasant-based resistance group turned communist insurgency aimed at land reform.
In what year did the Philippines gain membership in the United Nations?
1945
Who was the longest-serving senator in the Philippines, known for his contributions to labor rights and economic reform?
Senator Lorenzo M. Tañada
What was the official justification given by Ferdinand Marcos for declaring Martial Law in 1972?
To suppress the Communist threat and protect against insurgency.
What was the title of the document that justified Martial Law, signed by Marcos?
Proclamation No. 1081
What was the landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the validity of Martial Law under Marcos?
Javellana v. Executive Secretary
Which Marcos-led institution was tasked with controlling media, press, and communication during Martial Law?
National Media Production Center (NMPC)
What was the name of the economic program launched by Marcos that aimed to create agricultural self-sufficiency but was criticized for its inefficiency and corruption?
Masagana 99
What was the ‘Freedom Constitution’ enacted by Corazon Aquino after the People Power Revolution?
Provisional ‘1986 Freedom Constitution’
