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MASTS REVIEW > PHILIPPINE CULTURE > Flashcards

PHILIPPINE CULTURE Flashcards

1
Q

What Filipino tradition involves visiting the graves of loved ones on All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day?

A

Undas

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2
Q

What is the Filipino term for ‘godparents’ often used during weddings and baptisms?

A

Ninong (godfather) and Ninang (godmother)

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3
Q

What is the traditional Filipino courtship practice where a man serves the family of his beloved to prove his intentions?

A

Paninilbihan

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4
Q

What is the term for the Filipino hospitality culture of making guests feel welcome?

A

Bayanihan or Filipino hospitality

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5
Q

What is the Filipino practice of kissing the hand of an elder as a sign of respect?

A

Mano or Pagmamano

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6
Q

What is the popular Filipino superstitious belief about bringing bad luck by sweeping the floor at night?

A

Sweeping at night invites bad luck.

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7
Q

What traditional Filipino wedding custom involves the couple eating a single grain of rice as a symbol of unity?

A

‘Pagkain ng bigas’

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8
Q

What is the term for Filipino communal work or volunteerism, especially in rural areas?

A

Bayanihan

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9
Q

What is a ‘fiesta’ in Filipino culture?

A

A community celebration, usually honoring a patron saint

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10
Q

What traditional Filipino value emphasizes shame avoidance and maintaining honor?

A

Hiya

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11
Q

What is the Filipino dish made from pork marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, and spices?

A

Adobo

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12
Q

Which delicacy is a fertilized duck egg with a partially developed embryo that is eaten in the shell?

A

Balut

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13
Q

What is a popular Filipino dessert made with shaved ice, milk, and various sweet ingredients like fruits and jellies?

A

Halo-halo

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14
Q

What is the Filipino version of grilled chicken intestines on skewers, sold as street food?

A

Isaw

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15
Q

What is the name of the traditional Filipino dessert made from glutinous rice, coconut milk, and sugar, wrapped in banana leaves?

A

Suman

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16
Q

What is the Filipino dish made of pig’s head and liver, typically seasoned with calamansi and chili peppers?

A

Sisig

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17
Q

What is the Filipino version of blood stew made from pig’s blood, vinegar, and spices?

A

Dinuguan

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18
Q

Which native Filipino fruit is known as the ‘Queen of Philippine Fruits’?

A

Mangosteen

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19
Q

What traditional Filipino bread roll is usually coated in breadcrumbs and served for breakfast?

A

Pandesal

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20
Q

What type of noodle dish is popular at Filipino birthday celebrations as a symbol of long life?

A

Pancit

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21
Q

Which festival in Aklan celebrates the Santo Niño and is famous for its vibrant parade and street dancing?

A

Ati-Atihan Festival

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22
Q

What festival in Cebu is held in honor of the Santo Niño, featuring street dancing and vibrant costumes?

A

Sinulog Festival

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23
Q

What is the term for the massive rice harvest festival celebrated in Nueva Ecija and other parts of Luzon?

A

Pagay Festival

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24
Q

Which flower festival is celebrated in Baguio City every February?

A

Panagbenga Festival

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25
Q

What festival in Davao City is celebrated in August and features indigenous culture and vibrant street dances?

A

Kadayawan Festival

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26
Q

What Visayan festival features colorful masks and is celebrated in Bacolod City?

A

MassKara Festival

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27
Q

What is the name of the giant lantern festival held every December in Pampanga?

A

Ligligan Parul or Giant Lantern Festival

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28
Q

Which festival in Ilocos Norte features giant corn structures and celebrates the corn harvest?

A

Paoay Corn Festival

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29
Q

In which city is the Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival, celebrated to honor the tattooed warriors of old?

A

Tacloban City

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30
Q

What festival in Quezon Province involves decorating houses with agricultural products as an offering?

A

Pahiyas Festival

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31
Q

Who is known as the ‘Father of the Philippine National Language’?

A

Manuel L. Quezon

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32
Q

What is the national language of the Philippines?

A

Filipino

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33
Q

Who wrote the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo?

A

Jose Rizal

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34
Q

What epic poem from the Cordillera region tells the story of the hero Aliguyon?

A

The Hudhud of the Ifugao

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35
Q

What Philippine mythological creature is known as the ‘vampire-like’ entity that splits into two?

A

Manananggal

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36
Q

What is the traditional Tagalog poetic form consisting of four lines with seven syllables each?

A

Tanaga

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37
Q

Who is the author of Florante at Laura, a famous Filipino literary work?

A

Francisco Balagtas

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38
Q

What is the term for the ancient Filipino writing system used by early Tagalogs?

A

Baybayin

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39
Q

What is the name of the Visayan folk song about a woman named Pamulinawen?

A

Pamulinawen

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40
Q

Who wrote the Filipino short story ‘My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken’?

A

Alejandro Roces

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41
Q

What is the term for the traditional tattooing practice among the Kalinga people?

A

Batok

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42
Q

What indigenous tribe in the Philippines is known for their intricate beadwork and weaving?

A

T’boli

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43
Q

Who is the oldest known living tattoo artist from the Kalinga tribe?

A

Apo Whang-od

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44
Q

What is the Maranao traditional artwork that features okir designs and motifs?

A

Maranao okir carving

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45
Q

What is the traditional musical instrument of the Maguindanao and Maranao that consists of a row of small brass gongs?

A

Kulintang

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46
Q

What is the term for the traditional skirt worn by women of the Yakan tribe?

A

Seputangan

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47
Q

What mountain tribe is known for the Banaue Rice Terraces?

A

Ifugao

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48
Q

What is the name of the traditional, colorful woven blanket made by the Ifugao?

A

Ikat

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49
Q

What ethnic group in the Philippines is known for building houses on stilts over water?

A

Badjao

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50
Q

What is the traditional festival dance of the Cordillera region performed to honor spirits?

A

Tinikling

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51
Q

What traditional Filipino dance mimics the movements of birds?

A

Tinikling

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52
Q

What is the national anthem of the Philippines?

A

Lupang Hinirang

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53
Q

Who composed the national anthem, Lupang Hinirang?

A

Julian Felipe

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54
Q

What is the term for a Filipino bamboo instrument used for creating rhythmic sounds by striking?

A

Bamboo clappers or Tungkong

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55
Q

What traditional Filipino love song, often sung in serenades, originates from Ilocos?

A

Pamulinawen

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56
Q

What is the name of the gong ensemble commonly used in Mindanao music?

A

Kulintang

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57
Q

Who is the first National Artist for Music in the Philippines?

A

Antonio Molina

58
Q

What dance from the Bicol region mimics the movements of crabs?

A

Pantomina

59
Q

What folk dance performed with candles on dancers’ heads originated from Leyte?

A

Pandanggo sa Ilaw

60
Q

Which popular Filipino love song is about a woman named ‘Dandansoy’ and is sung in Hiligaynon?

A

Dandansoy

61
Q

In the Maranao epic ‘Darangen,’ who is the main hero who battles mythical creatures and performs supernatural feats?

A

Bantugan

62
Q

What is the term for the traditional tattoo symbols among the Visayans, which represent bravery and social status?

A

Pintados

63
Q

In Visayan mythology, who is considered the goddess of the moon and protector of women and children?

A

Haliya

64
Q

What ancient Filipino god, from the Tagalog pantheon, was considered the god of the sea and death?

A

Amanikable

65
Q

What traditional Mandaya skirt, woven with intricate patterns, is used in significant cultural and religious rites?

A

Dagmay

66
Q

Which Ilocano literary work, written in 1889, is considered the first novel written in a Philippine language?

A

‘Urbana at Felisa’ by Modesto de Castro

67
Q

Who is the Cebuano poet known for his poem ‘Ako ang Daigdig’ that portrays existentialism?

A

Alejandro G. Abadilla

68
Q

In Baybayin, what character represents the syllable ‘ka’?

A

ᜃ

69
Q

What Philippine epic, originating from the Bukidnon people, tells the story of the hero Agyu?

A

Ulaging or Ulahingan

70
Q

Who wrote the poem ‘Sa Aking Mga Kabata,’ which is often attributed to Jose Rizal but whose authorship is debated?

A

The authorship is uncertain; it is traditionally attributed to Jose Rizal

71
Q

What is the Tagalog term for ‘spirit’ or ‘deity’ in indigenous Filipino belief systems?

A

Anito

72
Q

In Visayan beliefs, what is the term for the spirit known to bring illness or fortune depending on its treatment by humans?

A

Diwata

73
Q

What is the Filipino term for an unlucky event that disrupts positive energy, similar to the Western concept of a jinx?

A

Usog

74
Q

Among the Mangyan people of Mindoro, what is the term for their ancient syllabic script still used in rituals and poetry?

A

Surat Mangyan

75
Q

Who is the supreme god of the Kalinga people, known as the creator and provider of life?

A

Kabunian

76
Q

What painting by Juan Luna won a gold medal at the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884?

A

Spoliarium

77
Q

Who is the National Artist for Painting who developed the ‘cubist’ style in Philippine art?

A

Vicente Manansala

78
Q

What is the traditional weaving technique used by the T’boli people, featuring designs inspired by dreams?

A

T’nalak

79
Q

What historical church in Ilocos Sur is known for its unique architecture, including earthquake-resistant buttresses?

A

Paoay Church

80
Q

Who was the Filipino sculptor known for his work in wood and who was declared a National Artist for Sculpture?

A

Guillermo Tolentino

81
Q

What is the ancient Filipino instrument made from bamboo and has strings that produce a unique buzzing sound?

A

Kulibit

82
Q

Who is the National Artist for Music known as the ‘Father of Philippine Jazz’?

A

Angel Peña

83
Q

What Visayan dance involves imitating the courtship and mating movements of a rooster and a hen?

A

Itik-itik

84
Q

Who composed the iconic Filipino operetta ‘Walang Sugat,’ which was first staged in the early 20th century?

A

Severino Reyes

85
Q

What is the term for the gong and drum ensemble in Mindanao that is essential in Maranao and Maguindanao culture?

A

Kulintang

86
Q

Who is considered the ‘Father of Philippine Comics,’ known for his work ‘Kenkoy’?

A

Tony Velasquez

87
Q

What was the first Filipino film to win the prestigious Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2009?

A

‘Kinatay’ by Brillante Mendoza

88
Q

What term is used to describe contemporary Filipino rock bands that emerged in the 1990s, influenced by local and Western music?

A

OPM (Original Pilipino Music) bands

89
Q

Who is the National Artist for Theater and Film known for his contribution to Philippine cinema, especially through films like Genghis Khan?

A

Manuel Conde

90
Q

Which popular Filipino superhero character, created by Mars Ravelo, transforms into a superhuman after swallowing a magical stone?

A

Darna

91
Q

What is the name of the ritual dance in Bicol, performed to celebrate the feast of Our Lady of Peñafrancia?

A

Voyadores Festival

92
Q

During the Kadayawan Festival, what is the name of the parade featuring floral floats and indigenous costumes?

A

Indak-Indak sa Kadalanan

93
Q

What Ifugao festival celebrates a bountiful harvest and is marked by traditional rituals and community feasting?

A

Gotad Ad Ifugao

94
Q

What traditional dance in Cebu is performed by candle bearers as an offering to Saint Niño?

A

Sinulog Dance

95
Q

What festival in Tawi-Tawi honors the Badjao and Sama people’s culture, especially their relationship with the sea?

A

Agal-Agal Festival

96
Q

In what language group does the Waray language, spoken primarily in Samar and Leyte, belong?

A

Visayan language group

97
Q

What is the language spoken by the Ivatan people of Batanes, known for its unique vocabulary related to seafaring and nature?

A

Ivatan

98
Q

What is the local term for the ancient script used by the Tagbanwa people of Palawan?

A

Tagbanwa script

99
Q

Who is the National Artist for Literature known for his poems and essays written in both English and Filipino?

A

Virgilio S. Almario

100
Q

What is the traditional poetic form in Cebuano, usually consisting of three lines with a rhyme scheme?

A

Balak

101
Q

What is the earliest known piece of Philippine literature that is written in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, dated to 900 AD?

A

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription itself is considered a legal document and the earliest record of Philippine history and writing

102
Q

In ancient Visayan society, what was the title given to a warrior class who protected the datu and carried significant influence?

A

Timawa

103
Q

What pre-colonial Filipino tribe is known for performing the death ritual called ‘pagdiwata,’ which includes various offerings and dances?

A

The Tagbanwa of Palawan

104
Q

What is the ‘Babaylan’ known for in ancient Filipino communities?

A

The Babaylan served as a shaman, healer, spiritual leader, and intermediary between the spirit world and the human community

105
Q

The Maranao people have a pre-colonial epic that involves a hero and a magical bird named Sarimanok. What is the name of this epic?

A

Darangen

106
Q

Who was the leader of the 1660s Pangasinan revolt against Spanish colonizers, inspired by the oppression and abuses faced by locals?

A

Andres Malong

107
Q

What historical document, produced by the Spanish in the 16th century, describes the structure of Philippine society before Spanish colonization?

A

Boxer Codex

108
Q

During the Spanish colonial era, the Galleon Trade between Manila and Acapulco was primarily centered on which luxury commodity?

A

Silk and spices, though many luxury goods were traded

109
Q

What secret society, formed in 1892, served as the primary organization advocating for Philippine independence from Spanish rule?

A

La Liga Filipina

110
Q

Who was the leader of the longest and largest revolutionary movement in the Cordillera region against American colonial forces?

A

Macario Sakay

111
Q

Who is the National Artist for Literature known for writing Sugat ng Alaala, a play that explores colonial influences on Filipino culture?

A

Severino Montano

112
Q

Which prominent Filipino artist is known for the controversial Stations of the Cross series that incorporated indigenous symbols and societal critiques?

A

Ang Kiukok

113
Q

What literary technique did Francisco Arcellana pioneer, making him one of the major Filipino writers in English?

A

He pioneered ‘lyrical prose-poetic form’

114
Q

What traditional weaving technique is used by the Blaan of Mindanao, featuring intricate patterns representing their dreams?

A

Ikat weaving

115
Q

The poem Florante at Laura is written in what specific form of Filipino poetry, often consisting of four-line stanzas with 12 syllables each?

A

Awit

116
Q

Who is known as the ‘Father of Philippine Cinema,’ having directed Dalagang Bukid, the first Filipino-produced film?

A

José Nepomuceno

117
Q

What modernist Filipino architect is known for the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, a landmark in Filipino architecture?

A

Leandro Locsin

118
Q

In the field of linguistics, what term is used to describe the blending of Tagalog and English in Filipino urban language?

A

Taglish

119
Q

Which Filipino anthropologist is known for his extensive studies on Filipino psychology, or Sikolohiyang Pilipino?

A

Virgilio Enriquez

120
Q

The celebrated Filipino author, Nick Joaquin, wrote under a pseudonym. What was it?

A

Quijano de Manila

121
Q

In Philippine folklore, what is the name of the tree spirit believed to reside in large, old trees such as balete and can cause harm if disturbed?

A

Kapre

122
Q

The concept of ‘utang na loob’ is a core Filipino value. What does it emphasize?

A

A deep sense of gratitude and debt of reciprocity

123
Q

In Bicolano mythology, who is the serpent deity believed to be a source of life but also the harbinger of destruction?

A

Bakunawa

124
Q

What is the Visayan term for a witch or sorcerer who is believed to perform black magic?

A

Mambabarang

125
Q

What is the practice of ‘kulam,’ and in which regions of the Philippines is it most commonly associated?

A

Kulam is witchcraft or sorcery, commonly associated with Siquijor and some parts of Bicol

126
Q

Who was the first Filipino to win the Nobel Prize-like Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism in 1958?

A

Ramon Magsaysay Award was won by Carlos P. Romulo, although not a Nobel Prize, this award is often considered Asia’s Nobel Prize

127
Q

Who founded the nationalist organization known as the Katipunan, leading to the 1896 Philippine Revolution?

A

Andres Bonifacio

128
Q

What political ideology, developed in the Philippines, emphasizes the interconnectedness of Asian countries and opposes Western colonization?

A

Asianism or Pan-Asianism

129
Q

The First Philippine Republic was established in what town, also the site of its famous Barasoain Church?

A

Malolos, Bulacan

130
Q

In 1987, which Philippine president signed the Family Code of the Philippines into law, changing aspects of marriage and family life?

A

Corazon Aquino

131
Q

Which ethnic group is known for their tattoo artistry, with tattoos representing social status, bravery, and achievements?

A

The Kalinga

132
Q

What is the term for the stylized motifs of the Maranao and Maguindanao people, featuring organic and flowing designs?

A

Okir

133
Q

In what cultural heritage site can you find the ‘petroglyphs,’ ancient rock carvings dating back to approximately 3000 BC?

A

Angono Petroglyphs in Rizal

134
Q

Which indigenous group in the Cordillera region is known for their handwoven textile called ‘ikat’?

A

The Ifugao

135
Q

The Agusan Image, discovered in 1917, is an ancient gold statuette representing which deity or figure?

A

A Hindu-Buddhist deity, likely influenced by pre-colonial Hinduism or Buddhism

136
Q

Who is the Filipino scientist who invented the Erythromycin-based antibiotic to treat bacterial infections, often credited for his research in microbiology?

A

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar

137
Q

What field of study is Dioscoro L. Umali, known as the ‘Father of Philippine Plant Breeding,’ recognized for contributing to?

A

Agricultural science, particularly in plant breeding

138
Q

What indigenous Filipino structure, utilized by early people of Batanes, exemplifies sustainable architecture adapted to withstand typhoons?

A

Ivatan houses made of stone and cogon grass

139
Q

Who is the Filipino inventor of the ‘modular housing system,’ which provided low-cost, disaster-resistant homes?

A

Edgardo ‘Ed’ Detera

140
Q
  1. Q: What is the term used by the Aetas to refer to their traditional healers or shamans?
    A: Mambunong
  2. Q: In pre-colonial Filipino belief systems, what is “Bathala” commonly known for?
    A: Bathala is the supreme god and creator deity in Tagalog mythology.
  3. Q: Among the Ilocano people, what is the term for the ceremonial animal sacrifice performed to ward off evil spirits?
    A: Daw-es
  4. Q: What is the traditional ritual called that is performed by the Kankanaey people to honor the spirits of their ancestors?
    A: Cañao
  5. Q: In Kapampangan mythology, who is the goddess of the sea believed to cause storms and floods when angered?
    A: Apung Malyari

Traditional Arts and Crafts

  1. Q: What is the name of the traditional mat made by the Samal and Badjao communities, known for its vibrant geometric patterns?
    A: Banig
  2. Q: The Ifugao people are famous for their skill in carving wooden statues called “bulul.” What purpose do these statues serve?
    A: Bulul statues are believed to protect the rice crops and bring good harvest.
  3. Q: What is the term for the intricate tattooing practiced by the Kalinga people, which is traditionally done by a “mambabatok”?
    A: Batok
  4. Q: In the southern Philippines, what is the name of the traditional hand-woven fabric made by the Yakan tribe, known for its bright colors and geometric designs?
    A: Tennun
  5. Q: What is the traditional art of writing Baybayin, and how does it differ from modern Filipino scripts?
    A: Baybayin is an ancient script used by Tagalogs and other pre-colonial ethnic groups; it’s syllabic and doesn’t include symbols for certain consonants like “R.”

Unique Festivals and Celebrations

  1. Q: The Ati-Atihan Festival, held in Kalibo, Aklan, honors which religious figure despite its pagan roots?
    A: Santo Niño (Child Jesus)
  2. Q: In the Cordilleras, the “Panagbenga Festival” is celebrated annually. What does “Panagbenga” mean in the local language?
    A: “Season of Blooming,” as it celebrates the region’s flowers.
  3. Q: What is the T’nalak Festival, celebrated in South Cotabato, and what indigenous group’s cultural heritage does it honor?
    A: It honors the T’boli people’s tradition of weaving the T’nalak cloth.
  4. Q: During the “Pahiyas Festival” in Lucban, Quezon, what vegetable is traditionally used to decorate houses?
    A: Kiping (rice wafers shaped like leaves)
  5. Q: The Ibaloi people of Benguet practice “mummification” in a ritual for their dead, known as what?
    A: Kabayan Mummification or Fire Mummies

Filipino Social Values and Concepts

  1. Q: What Filipino value is symbolized by the act of “pakikisama,” which emphasizes social harmony and camaraderie?
    A: Getting along well with others and maintaining social acceptance
  2. Q: “Bayanihan” is an important Filipino cultural value. Traditionally, how was it demonstrated in rural communities?
    A: Through cooperative efforts like moving a house (nipa hut) collectively.
  3. Q: In Filipino culture, what is the term for “debt of gratitude,” which is considered a binding social obligation?
    A: Utang na loob
  4. Q: “Hiya” is a Filipino cultural concept often described as a sense of shame. In what social contexts is “hiya” commonly felt?
    A: In situations where one may bring embarrassment or dishonor to themselves or their family.
  5. Q: “Damayan” is a Filipino tradition of coming together to support others in times of hardship. How is it typically practiced?
    A: Through collective assistance in both emotional and material support, often during wakes or funerals.

Regional Cuisine and Unique Dishes

  1. Q: In Ilocos, what is “pinakbet,” and what ingredient is unique to its regional recipe?
    A: It’s a vegetable stew, traditionally including bagoong (fermented fish sauce).
  2. Q: “Piyanggang” is a unique grilled chicken dish from which ethnic group in the southern Philippines?
    A: The Tausug, known for its blackened coconut marinade.
  3. Q: “Inutak” is a sticky rice dessert originating from which area in the Philippines?
    A: Taguig, Metro Manila
  4. Q: What is the Ilonggo dish “kadyos, baboy, langka (KBL),” and what legume gives it a unique flavor?
    A: It’s a soup made with pigeon peas (kadyos), pork, and unripe jackfruit.
  5. Q: “Kinilaw” is a Filipino dish similar to ceviche. In what part of the Philippines is it especially popular, and what is a unique ingredient sometimes added?
    A: Mindanao; often includes tabon-tabon (a native fruit) as a souring agent.

Architecture and Heritage Sites

  1. Q: The “Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras” are often called the “Eighth Wonder of the World.” How old are these terraces estimated to be?
    A: Over 2,000 years old
  2. Q: What is the famous Baroque church in Ilocos Norte that is known for its massive buttresses designed to withstand earthquakes?
    A: Paoay Church (San Agustin Church)
  3. Q: The “Vigan Heritage Village” is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its well-preserved Spanish colonial architecture. What is the architectural style known as?
    A: Bahay na Bato
  4. Q: What is the name of the oldest Chinatown in the world, which is located in Manila?
    A: Binondo
  5. Q: The historical site “Intramuros” was built during which colonial period, and for what main purpose?
    A: The Spanish colonial period; as a fortified city for protection against invaders.

Filipino Language and Dialects

  1. Q: In Cebuano, what does the word “lingaw” mean, commonly used in social contexts?
    A: Fun or enjoyable
  2. Q: The Waray language is primarily spoken in which regions of the Philippines?
    A: Samar and Leyte in Eastern Visayas
  3. Q: What is the indigenous script of the Hanunuo Mangyan of Mindoro, which is still used for traditional poetry?
    A: Surat Mangyan
  4. Q: In Filipino, the word “malasakit” carries a deep meaning beyond its literal translation. What does it imply in terms of Filipino values?
    A: A sense of empathy and caring for others’ well-being.
  5. Q: What is the Kinaray-a language, and where is it predominantly spoken?
    A: A language of the Western Visayas, mainly in Antique and some parts of Iloilo.

Modern Filipino Pop Culture

  1. Q: Who is the “King of Philippine Movies” known for his roles in classic films and winning multiple awards?
    A: Fernando Poe Jr. (FPJ)
  2. Q: What OPM (Original Pilipino Music) band is famous for the song “Ang Huling El Bimbo,” a hit in the 1990s?
    A: Eraserheads
  3. Q: What popular Filipino TV show, which began airing in the 1970s, is known for featuring amateur singing and dancing talent?
    A: Eat Bulaga!
  4. Q: What Filipino superhero, created by Mars Ravelo, is known for her transformation after swallowing a magical stone?
    A: Darna
  5. Q: “MMFF” is an annual event celebrating Filipino films. What does MMFF stand for?
    A: Metro Manila Film Festival
A
141
Q
  1. Q: What is the term used by the Aetas to refer to their traditional healers or shamans?
    A: Mambunong
  2. Q: In pre-colonial Filipino belief systems, what is “Bathala” commonly known for?
    A: Bathala is the supreme god and creator deity in Tagalog mythology.
  3. Q: Among the Ilocano people, what is the term for the ceremonial animal sacrifice performed to ward off evil spirits?
    A: Daw-es
  4. Q: What is the traditional ritual called that is performed by the Kankanaey people to honor the spirits of their ancestors?
    A: Cañao
  5. Q: In Kapampangan mythology, who is the goddess of the sea believed to cause storms and floods when angered?
    A: Apung Malyari

Traditional Arts and Crafts

  1. Q: What is the name of the traditional mat made by the Samal and Badjao communities, known for its vibrant geometric patterns?
    A: Banig
  2. Q: The Ifugao people are famous for their skill in carving wooden statues called “bulul.” What purpose do these statues serve?
    A: Bulul statues are believed to protect the rice crops and bring good harvest.
  3. Q: What is the term for the intricate tattooing practiced by the Kalinga people, which is traditionally done by a “mambabatok”?
    A: Batok
  4. Q: In the southern Philippines, what is the name of the traditional hand-woven fabric made by the Yakan tribe, known for its bright colors and geometric designs?
    A: Tennun
  5. Q: What is the traditional art of writing Baybayin, and how does it differ from modern Filipino scripts?
    A: Baybayin is an ancient script used by Tagalogs and other pre-colonial ethnic groups; it’s syllabic and doesn’t include symbols for certain consonants like “R.”

Unique Festivals and Celebrations

  1. Q: The Ati-Atihan Festival, held in Kalibo, Aklan, honors which religious figure despite its pagan roots?
    A: Santo Niño (Child Jesus)
  2. Q: In the Cordilleras, the “Panagbenga Festival” is celebrated annually. What does “Panagbenga” mean in the local language?
    A: “Season of Blooming,” as it celebrates the region’s flowers.
  3. Q: What is the T’nalak Festival, celebrated in South Cotabato, and what indigenous group’s cultural heritage does it honor?
    A: It honors the T’boli people’s tradition of weaving the T’nalak cloth.
  4. Q: During the “Pahiyas Festival” in Lucban, Quezon, what vegetable is traditionally used to decorate houses?
    A: Kiping (rice wafers shaped like leaves)
  5. Q: The Ibaloi people of Benguet practice “mummification” in a ritual for their dead, known as what?
    A: Kabayan Mummification or Fire Mummies

Filipino Social Values and Concepts

  1. Q: What Filipino value is symbolized by the act of “pakikisama,” which emphasizes social harmony and camaraderie?
    A: Getting along well with others and maintaining social acceptance
  2. Q: “Bayanihan” is an important Filipino cultural value. Traditionally, how was it demonstrated in rural communities?
    A: Through cooperative efforts like moving a house (nipa hut) collectively.
  3. Q: In Filipino culture, what is the term for “debt of gratitude,” which is considered a binding social obligation?
    A: Utang na loob
  4. Q: “Hiya” is a Filipino cultural concept often described as a sense of shame. In what social contexts is “hiya” commonly felt?
    A: In situations where one may bring embarrassment or dishonor to themselves or their family.
  5. Q: “Damayan” is a Filipino tradition of coming together to support others in times of hardship. How is it typically practiced?
    A: Through collective assistance in both emotional and material support, often during wakes or funerals.

Regional Cuisine and Unique Dishes

  1. Q: In Ilocos, what is “pinakbet,” and what ingredient is unique to its regional recipe?
    A: It’s a vegetable stew, traditionally including bagoong (fermented fish sauce).
  2. Q: “Piyanggang” is a unique grilled chicken dish from which ethnic group in the southern Philippines?
    A: The Tausug, known for its blackened coconut marinade.
  3. Q: “Inutak” is a sticky rice dessert originating from which area in the Philippines?
    A: Taguig, Metro Manila
  4. Q: What is the Ilonggo dish “kadyos, baboy, langka (KBL),” and what legume gives it a unique flavor?
    A: It’s a soup made with pigeon peas (kadyos), pork, and unripe jackfruit.
  5. Q: “Kinilaw” is a Filipino dish similar to ceviche. In what part of the Philippines is it especially popular, and what is a unique ingredient sometimes added?
    A: Mindanao; often includes tabon-tabon (a native fruit) as a souring agent.

Architecture and Heritage Sites

  1. Q: The “Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras” are often called the “Eighth Wonder of the World.” How old are these terraces estimated to be?
    A: Over 2,000 years old
  2. Q: What is the famous Baroque church in Ilocos Norte that is known for its massive buttresses designed to withstand earthquakes?
    A: Paoay Church (San Agustin Church)
  3. Q: The “Vigan Heritage Village” is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its well-preserved Spanish colonial architecture. What is the architectural style known as?
    A: Bahay na Bato
  4. Q: What is the name of the oldest Chinatown in the world, which is located in Manila?
    A: Binondo
  5. Q: The historical site “Intramuros” was built during which colonial period, and for what main purpose?
    A: The Spanish colonial period; as a fortified city for protection against invaders.

Filipino Language and Dialects

  1. Q: In Cebuano, what does the word “lingaw” mean, commonly used in social contexts?
    A: Fun or enjoyable
  2. Q: The Waray language is primarily spoken in which regions of the Philippines?
    A: Samar and Leyte in Eastern Visayas
  3. Q: What is the indigenous script of the Hanunuo Mangyan of Mindoro, which is still used for traditional poetry?
    A: Surat Mangyan
  4. Q: In Filipino, the word “malasakit” carries a deep meaning beyond its literal translation. What does it imply in terms of Filipino values?
    A: A sense of empathy and caring for others’ well-being.
  5. Q: What is the Kinaray-a language, and where is it predominantly spoken?
    A: A language of the Western Visayas, mainly in Antique and some parts of Iloilo.

Modern Filipino Pop Culture

  1. Q: Who is the “King of Philippine Movies” known for his roles in classic films and winning multiple awards?
    A: Fernando Poe Jr. (FPJ)
  2. Q: What OPM (Original Pilipino Music) band is famous for the song “Ang Huling El Bimbo,” a hit in the 1990s?
    A: Eraserheads
  3. Q: What popular Filipino TV show, which began airing in the 1970s, is known for featuring amateur singing and dancing talent?
    A: Eat Bulaga!
  4. Q: What Filipino superhero, created by Mars Ravelo, is known for her transformation after swallowing a magical stone?
    A: Darna
  5. Q: “MMFF” is an annual event celebrating Filipino films. What does MMFF stand for?
    A: Metro Manila Film Festival
A

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