Philippine Biodiversity Issues, Challenges, and Initiatives

Question 1

A Diversity in which the genes are responsible for the uniqueness of every living organism

Answer 1

Genetic diversity

Question 2

A Diversity that is usually measured in terms of the total number of species found in a particular area.

Answer 2

Species diversity

Question 3

A diversity that is a self-sustaining collection of organisms and habitat

Answer 3

Ecosystem diversity

Question 3

4 Ecosystem services

Answer 3

1. Provisioning (food, air, water, purification of these)
2. Regulating (stabilization of climate, control of diseases, detoxification and decomposition of wastes, creation of drainage systems)
3. Supporting (nutrient cycling, crop pollination, soil fertilization, prevention of soil erosion)
4. Cultural (social, spiritual, and recreational benefits)

Question 4

The second in the world in terms of butterfly species

Answer 4

Philippines (947 species; 352 are endemic) acc to NHBS

Question 5

What is the rank of the Philippines in the world mammalian endemicity?

Answer 5

Ranked 5th (183 species, 120 or 66% are endemic)

Question 6

What is the rank of the Philippines in the world reptilian species endemicity?

Answer 6

Ranked 8th (258 species, 170 or 66% are endemic)

Question 7

How many species of amphibians in the Philippines?

Answer 7

171 species, 78% are endemic

Question 8

There are 54 species of mangroves in the world & _____ species of these are found in the Philippines

Answer 8

40 species (46 acc to The Maritime Review)

Question 9

IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicts that up to how many percent of biodiversity is at risk in the Philippines because of climate change

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

Consequences of deforestation in relation to wildlife diversity

Answer 10

• loss of habitat
• reduced pollinator activity
• overall reductions in biodiversity

Question 11

They are one of the major drivers of environmental change as they compete with native species over food supply to allow them to dominate the local ecosystem

Answer 11

Invasive Alien Species

Question 12

species of plants or animals that are introduced by man, accidentally or intentionally, outside of their natural geographic range into an area where they are not naturally present.

Answer 12

Invasive Alien Species

Question 13

Seven of the worst invasive plant species
are found in the Philippines (ISSG, 2006a). What are these?

Answer 13

1. Chromolaena odorata
2. Eichhornia crassipes
3. Hiptage benghalensis
4. Imperata cylindrica
5. Lantana camara
6. Leucaena leucocephala
7. Mikania micrantha

Question 14

6 Ornamental plants aggressively spreading
out of control across the ASEAN region
(MacKinnon 2002)
???

Answer 14

1. Caesalpinia pulcherrima
2. Thunbergia g f randi lora
3. Ipomoea carnea
4. Ipomoea cairica
5. Bougainvillea spectabilis
6. Coccinea indica

Question 15

Top 5 Invasive Alien Species
(recheck source)

Answer 15

1. Chromolaena odorata
2. Piper aduncum
3. Thunbergia grandiflora
4. Mimosa invisa
5. Mikania micrantha
6. Swietenia macrophylla

Question 16

Issue in wildlife biodiversity in which animals are hunted for bush meat

Answer 16

Illegal wildlife trade

Question 17

Any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls to the earth. It is one of the three main steps of global water cycle

Answer 17

Precipitation

Question 18

How many Ramsar sites are found in Region 6 and Region 7??

Answer 18

2 (Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary & Negros Occidental Coastal Wetlands Area)

Question 19

In what phylum does freshwater shrimp Caridina cebuensis. “Ulang” belong to?

Answer 19

Phylum Arthropoda

Question 20

How many species of hornbills are categorized as threatened under IUCN?

Answer 20

7 species:
1. Writhed Hornbill (Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus) - Near Threatened
2. Mindoro Hornbill (Penelopides mindorensis) - E
3. Northern Rufous Hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax) - VU
4. Southern Rufous Hornbill (Buceros mindanensis) - VU
5. Sulu Hornbill (Anthracoceros montani)
- CE
6. Palawan Hornbill (Anthracoceros marchei)
RLS: VU – Vulnerable- VU
7. Rufous-headed Hornbill (Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni) - CE
8. Visayan Hornbill (Penelopides panini)
- EN

Question 21

Species of gecko only found in the North and South Gigante islands in the West Visayas Faunal REgion.

Answer 21

subterranean Gekko gigante (VU)

Question 22

A critically endangered species of freshwater turtle in Palawan.

Answer 22

Palawan Forest Turtle (Siebenrockiella leytensis)

Question 23

Gastrodia cajanoae is a recently described species of ground orchid in Northern Negros Natural PArk in 2015. In what city/municipality was the holotype specimen collected??

Answer 23

Victorias City, Negros Occidental

Question 24

What species of frugivorous monitor lizard is known to occur in the island of Panay?

Answer 24

Varanus mabitang
The Panay monitor (Varanus mabitang) is an endangered monitor lizard native to Panay Island in the Philippines. Unlike most monitors, it is a specialized frugivore.

Question 25

Animals that only eat fruits

Answer 25

frugivores

Question 26

What are the 2 species of crocodiles in the Philippines

Answer 26

Crocodylus mindorensis (Philippine crocodile)
Crocodylus porosus (Estuarine/Saltwater crocodile)

Question 27

The genus Phapitreron is an endemic genera of the Philippines. Recent taxonomic changes elevated subspecies to species resulting to the addition of another single-island endemic to Cebu. What is the scientific name of this critically endangered species of bird?

Answer 27

Phapitreron frontalis

Cebu Brown-dove
The Cebu Brown-dove is endemic to the island of Cebu in the Philippines. This species had not been observed since 1892 and therefore had been considered possibly extinct, but between 2007 and 2012 there have been reports of this species found on several occasions.