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Development > Philanthrocapitalism > Flashcards

Philanthrocapitalism Flashcards

1
Q

Who was an early proponent of Philanthrocapitalism (or philanthropy at the time)?

A

Andrew Carnegie 1889

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2
Q

What is a modern-day text in favour of philanthrocapitalism?

A

Bishop and Green 2008

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3
Q

Does philanthrocapitalism always involve obvious donors?

A
  • No, it can involve “moral markets”, as used Adam Smith

- Also state-private collaborations and subsidies

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4
Q

What is an issue with philanthropy done by corporations?

A

They can claim charitable status and recieve tax breaks (as is the case with Walmart Foundation)

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5
Q

How do the moral and methodological aspects of philanthrocapitalism intersect?

A

Being methodologically flawed means that immoral things get worse!

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6
Q

Why is Bishop and Green’s praise of the “Golden Age of Philanthropy” in the Renaissance problematic?

A

During a time of colonial conquest where investments enabled ships and weapons to be purchased to harm groups as much as benefit them

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7
Q

Does tax lead to equality?

A
  • In theory it could, but it is not socialism and few would argue that it is a good idea
  • Bishop and Green (2015) imply that is the case
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8
Q

Who is a significant (politically) shareholder in cocacola?

A

The Gates Foundation (McGoey 2012)

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9
Q

How will inequality destroy capitalism?

A
  • Economically through busness cycles

- Socially through alienation (Marx)

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10
Q

How does philanthrocapitalism expand markets?

A

Through gift-giving - it is immoral from this perspective (McGoey 2012)

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11
Q

What is the main problem with the underlying agenda of philanthrocapitalism and gift-giving?

A

Some people have little choice but to do a Faustian Bargain (McGoey 2012)

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12
Q

What could some argue about philanthrocapitalsm when it comes to moral arguments?

A
  • So long as philanthropy does good in the world, even though donors profit out of it, what is the problem?
  • Methodological issues show how that view is wrong!
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13
Q

Why are investments in Mastercard by philanthropy organisations/individuals concerning?

A
  • Allows donors to make a profit
  • Conflict of interest too (also with CocaCola…)

McGoey 2015

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14
Q

Why did the 1950s WHO campaign to eradicate malaria fail?

A

Did not focus on Africa, where the disease is most endemic (CDC 2021; McGoey 2015)

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15
Q

What implications could failed philanthropy have on development in general?

A

Could make people think that Development never works, so links to the politics of aid

(of course, state-led development had many other problems! - though more ideological than methodological)

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16
Q

Why do market-based approaches to Development through philanthropy not work well (link Polanyi 1944)?

A

Lacks democracy, equitability and appropriate knowledges

Edwards 2010; Polanyi 1944

17
Q

How can Philanthrocapitalism render Development technical?

A
  • Disguises underlying structural causes
  • Frames solutions
  • Allows profit to be made and coercion through education

Guilhot 2007

18
Q

What is one method by which frontier capitalism exists today? Why is it different?

A
  • Philanthrocapitalim
  • Constantly creates new frontiers in the same spaces and places so that capital accumulation can take place
  • Renders matters technical and quantifies issues for solutions (Gabor and Brooks 2017)

Mitchell and Sparke 2016

19
Q

What is the primary critique of radical views for philanthrocapitalism?

A
  • Not always in the self-interest
  • Focus on propagating lucrative markets not evidenced really, just hypothetical

Need to wait for more evidence of these things (beyond the first wave of philanthropy in the 19th century)

20
Q

How have agricultural problems reinforced philanthrocapitalism?

A
  • Rockerfeller Foundation work on rice
  • Actually a socio-political project to create governmentality
  • Lucrative

(Smith 2009)

21
Q

What three socio-political foci of control does Smith (2009) focus on when it comes to the dark side of Philanthropy?

A
  1. Socio-political control
  2. Order
  3. Management (as a technocratic solution)

Smith 2009

22
Q

Give an example of neo-colonialism in Philanthropy

A
  • Smith 2009 work on Rockerfeller foundation rice

- A return of paternalism and governance over populations

23
Q

What does, from a Freudian perspective, philanthrocapitalism embody?

A

It “mobilises a disavowed enjoyment of global inequality”

Wilson 2014

24
Q

How does philanthrocapitalism represent a new Development paradigm?

A

State-private cooperation (McGoey 2014)

Also “The New Washington Consensus” (Mitchell and Sparke) - Neoliberalism with old philanthropy approaches

25
Q

Why is state investment and involvement in philanthrocapitalism not surprising?

A
  • State and markets always support each other
  • So nothing new

McGoey 2014

26
Q

What is the problem with philanthropy and tax?

A
  • Tax breaks for donors (Hay and Muller 2014)
  • Means no extra money is being redistributed (however unequal the redistribution may be)
  • Philanthropy could at the very least be on top of tax!
27
Q

How can philanthrocapitalism be seen as a neo-Malthusian project?

A
  • Rockerfeller foundation tried to “buy time” for a demographic transition in Mexico 1950s by controlling population
  • State led Development provided welfare which supposedly allowed popualtions to grow

Cullather 2014

28
Q

What is a more cynical side of philanthropy?

A
  • During Bretton Woods, Rockerfeller Foundation worked on behalf of the state
  • Appeared as philanthropy, but actually about geopolitics and foreign policy
  • Philanthropy initiated the post-war Breton W system

Parmar 2002

29
Q

Who is a proponent of philanthropy? Why is it problematic?

A

Beth Breeze (2021)

  • She received philanthropic donations herself
  • Conflict of interest, lack of self-reflection and positionality?
30
Q

Is philanthropy equitable when it comes to what subjects receive attention?

A
  • No, often favours issues which are considered to be the main problems at the time
  • Such as poverty and growth in the 1990s
  • SDGs today - metrics show they are doing good

Osella and Osella 2009

31
Q

Why did Carnegie give?

A
  • Mainly because of conscience
  • Also to save capitalism from its own obliteration

Nally and Taylor 2015

32
Q

Who donated more in 2013 - the Gates Foundation or the WHO?

A

The Gates Foundation (McGoey 2015)

33
Q

Why is risk-taking advocated for by Bishop and Green (2008) an issue?

A
  • Risks affect actual people - a reification of financial risk to the real world
  • Undermines the moral credibility of philanthropy (McGoey 2012)
34
Q

What other factor is important to consider when refuting philanthrocapitalism?

A

ODA - is it a better alternative?

Power 2004

35
Q

When did the second wave of philanthropy start?

A

25 years ago

Development (8 decks)

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