PHI 112-Test 2, Part 2-Egosim

Question 1

Psychological egoism

Answer 1

We always do the act we perceive to be in our own self interest. (We do not have a choice.)

Question 2

Ethical egoism

Answer 2

Everyone ought to do those acts that best serve his or her own self interest

Question 3

Criticism of the argument from satisfaction

Answer 3

it confuses the consequence of an act with the purpose of an act

Question 4

Paradox of hedonism

Answer 4

The only way to get happiness is to forget it!

Question 5

Argument from self-deception

Answer 5

We may think we do things for others, but, if we look deep enough, we are deceiving ourselves. We are always selfish.

Question 6

Altruism

Answer 6

putting other’s interests before your own, contrasted with egoism

Question 7

Criticism of Hobbes

Answer 7

Rests too heavily on psychological egoism

Question 8

According to Hobbes, what gets us into chaos? What gets us out?

Answer 8

Selfishness forces us into chaos, but selfishness forces us to solve problems through mutually agreed-upon moral codes

Question 9

Criticisms against ethical egoism:Inconsistent outcomes

Answer 9

I must desire that I defeat others and they defeat me.

Question 10

Criticisms against ethical egoism: Publicity argument

Answer 10

Can’t advertise without harming your own “self-interest project”

Question 11

Paradox of ethical egoism

Answer 11

In order to reach the goal of ethical egoism, one must give up ethical egoism and become an altruist.

Question 12

Criticisms against ethical egoism: Argument of counterintuitive consequences

Answer 12

Helping others at one’s own expense is morally wrong

Question 13

Criticisms against ethical egoism: Problems for future generations

Answer 13

No obligation to preserve future resources for future generations

Question 14

Sociobiology

Answer 14

Social structures and behavioral patterns are biologically based and explained by evolutionary theory.