PHI 111-Test 4 Flashcards
What questions do metaphysicians ask?
Is reality one or many?What is the nature of reality?What is time and space?
What questions do epistemologists ask?
What is knowledge?What is truth?Can we have genuine knowledge?
True or FalsePlato and Aristotle believe that reality consists of two “worlds”
False
For Plato reality consists of two “worlds”; name them…..
World of BecomingWorld of Being
What is rationalism?
View that reason is the primary source of all knowledge and that only our reasoning abilities can enable us to understand sense experience and reach accurate conclusions
What is empiricism?
View that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge and that only a careful attention to sense experience can enable us to understand the world and achieve accurate conclusions
What is materalism?
View that all aspects of the universe are composed of matter and energy and can be explained by physical laws
What is dualism?
View that material substance(physical body) and immaterial substance (mind or soul) are two separate aspects of the self
What are the Branches of Philosophy?
MetaphysicsEpistemologyEthicsPolitical and Social PhilosophyAestheticsLogic
True or FalseRationalists argue that the primary way of acquiring knowledge is through sense experience.
False, empiricists argue this
Which group (empiricists or rationalists) argue that we enter the world with innate knowledge?
Rationalists
For Plato, where does ultimate reality reside:a) Imaginationb) Sense experiencec) Reasond) Forms
d) Forms
What is Heraclitus famous for?
“All is Change” and “Change Alone is Unchanging”
Who was famous for saying “To be is to be perceived?”
Berkeley
Who said that the knowledgeable world is constructed by the faculties of the mind?
Kant
Who argued we are born with intellectual “blank” slates or Tabula Rasa?
Locke
Who said there is NO reality outside the mind?
Berkeley
Who were the 3 great British empiricists?
LockeBerkeleyHume
According to Kant, the world we construct is what “world?”
Phenomenal world
For Hume, the logical conclusion of empiricism is……..
Skepticism
Berkeley was a rationalist.True or False
False
True or FalseLocke was an empiricist, but at the same time argued we only had direct access to the ideas in our minds caused by external objects.
True
Who claimed that the forms reside in physical objects?
Aristotle
Who argued certain knowledge came through the method of doubt?
Descartes
Who said all knowledge come from experience?
Locke
Who said all justifiable beliefs must be justified by experience?
Hume
Who’s view leads to solipsism, the view that only I exist and everything else is a creation of my mind?
Berkeley
Who argued that, as a philosopher, he was committed to radical skepticism?
Hume
What are the primary qualities?
The “properties” of objects that reside in the objects (such as size, shape, weight), independent of our perceptions of the object
What are the secondary qualities?
Properties that do not reside within the objects themselves but instead are the power of objects to produce sensations in our mind (such as color, smell, texture, and taste)
Who argued that all of our fundamental knowledge is derived through reason?
Descartes
What did Kant argue was the only basis for knowledge?
Experience
What did Descartes hope to prove with his method of doubt?
That knowledge is possible
Who argued that genuine knowledge is recollected through an examination of our innate ideas?
Plato
What is skepticism?
A school of though that casts doubt on the possibility of achieving genuine knowledgeIncludes positions such as doubting all assumptions until proved or claiming that no knowledge is possible in any circumstances
Who argued that we construct reality with our reason, based on our experiences?
Kant
Who believe that emotions ought to play a role in our understanding of the world?
Jaggar
Whats the best way to explain Descartes’ method of doubt?
1st Purpose and Overall Goal2nd Explain His Steps in His Method3rd Explain His Conclusions
