PHI 111-Test 3 Flashcards
According to Plato, the soul is not capable of knowing the Forms.
False
Descartes believed the self was dualistic.
True
Descartes believed the self was dualistic.
True
Materialism is the view that the universe is explainable in terms of physical laws.
True
Belief in indeterminism allows people to choose their spiritual destiny.
True
Belief in libertarianism allows people to avoid responsibility for their actions.
False
External constraints are the limitations to our autonomy imposed by ourselves.
False
Internal constraints are the limitations imposed by our environment/circumstances.
False
Phenomenologists argue that the self is purely physical.
False
Empiricism is the epistemological view that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge.
True
Rationalism is the epistemological view that reason and sense experience provide knowledge.
True
Eliminative materialists argue that the self consists of mental and physical components.
False
Phenomenology attempts to clarify our understanding of experience and how we experience the world.
True
Kant argues that the self transcends the senses and unifies our experiences.
True
Churchland believed a new neuroscience vocabulary will enable us to communicate clearly about consciousness and human experience.
True
Belief in determinism prevents people from becoming better persons.
True
Freedom is the ability to do what one wants.
False
To increase personal freedom, one must confront external and internal constraints, thus creating options from which to choose.
True
Belief in compatibilism prevents people from participating in a revolution.
False
Belief in compatibilism prevents people from participating in a revolution.
False
Dennett argues that freedom is an objective phenomenon distinct to humans.
True
Psychic coercion is an internal constraint that compromises one’s autonomy and limits one’s personal freedom.
True
Psychic coercion is an internal constraint that compromises one’s autonomy and limits one’s personal freedom.
True
Of the following, Socrates believed what about the soul?
It is immortal.
According to Plato, the soul consists of:
All of the above (reason, physical appetite, and spirit)
According to Descartes, what is the manner in which to seek truth?
method of doubt
According to Descartes, the soul is governed by:
A and B (God and laws of reason)
According to Descartes, the soul is governed by:
A and B (God and laws of reason)
According to Locke, the mind is a(n):
tabula rasa
According to Locke, the mind is a(n):
tabula rasa
Who argued that there is no self?
Hume
Who argued that we construct the self?
Kant
Who argued that mental states are brain states?
Churchland
The Buddhist conception of anatta includes all of the following elements except:
permanence
Churchland argued that _______ will be eliminated once advances in neuroscience develop a vocabulary that will enable us to be objective about consciousness and human experience.
folk psychology
Of the following, our beliefs about freedom effect:
all of above (our ability to change and grow as a person, our ability to develop a moral outlook, and our ability to participate in a fair and just society.
Of the following, our beliefs about freedom effect:
all of above (our ability to change and grow as a person, our ability to develop a moral outlook, and our ability to participate in a fair and just society.
The view that freedom is an illusion and every event in the universe, including human actions, is brought about by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe is:
determinism
According to d’Holbach’s view, if you decide to commit suicide, what would this demonstrate regarding freedom?
Nothing. Mental disturbances can cause self-destructive behavior.
Who argued that determinism cannot account for “the testimony of our direct, lived experience?”
James
Who believed that “we are condemned to be free,” i.e. we are absolutely responsible to create our own meaningful existence.
Sartre.
The view of freedom that argues that some human actions are free if they are a result of internal motivations and not the product of external causes or influences is:
compatibilism
The view of freedom that claims that some events, including human actions, are not necessarily determined by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe is:
indeterminism
The view of freedom that claims that some events, including human actions, are not necessarily determined by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe is:
indeterminism
The view of freedom that argues that humans are able to make authentically free choices that are not determined by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe or by any internal constraints is:
libertarianism
Logically, belief in determinism…
prevents people from becoming better/worse persons
To increase personal freedom, one must ______, thus creating options from which to choose.
confront external and internal constraints
To increase personal freedom, one must ______, thus creating options from which to choose.
confront external and internal constraints
The soul is the self and it is immortal.
Socrates
The self is personal identity, which requires consciousness of constantly perceiving self-connected by memories.
Locke
The self is the unity of mental and physical, a natural synthesis that forms our experience.
Merleau-Ponty
The self is the “transcendental unifying principle of consciousness.”
Kant
The self consists of an immaterial soul and a material body. They do not interact.
Descartes
The self consists of an immaterial soul and a material body. They do not interact.
Descartes
Some events, including human actions, are not necessarily determined by previous events.
Compatibilism
Humans are able to make authentically free choices that are not determined by previous events.
Slavery
Every event, including human actions, is caused by previous events in accordance with the natural laws that govern the universe.
Determinism
This view leads to the logical conclusion that no one can be blamed for any evil they may commit (murder, rape, theft)
Determinism
All events, including human actions are caused. However, some human actions are free if they are a result of internal motivations.
Libertarianism
