Phenoxymethyl Penicillin K Granules Flashcards
prepared agglomerates of smaller particle size
Granules
granules are ____________________ but may be prepared to be _________ & behaved as a single particle
Irregularly shaped; spherical
granules make use of sieve # _______
4-12
one disadvantage of powders as the ingredients may segregate either on the hoppers of packaging machines or in the storage of final bulk containers
particle size differences
the product will be non-uniform and the patient will not receive the same dose of the active
ingredient on administration
particle size differences
particle size differences can be minimized by ___________________ of the mixture or mixed powders during preparation
efficient granulation
preparations consisting of SOLVENT, DRY AGGREGATES of powder particles sufficiently RESISTANT to withstand handling
granules
granules mode of admin
oral (swallowed, chewed, dissolved or dispersed in water for another suitable solvent)
T/F: granules contain ONE OR MORE substances WITH OR WITHOUT excipients and if possible, suitable FLAVORANT OR COLORANT substances can be added
True
granules are mainly used for __________________________
low toxicity, hydrous drugs
used for bulk-forming laxative
and have a dose of 1 to 4 grams daily
methylcellulose granules
presented as SINGLE dose or MULTIPLE dose preparation
granules
T/F: Each dose of a SINGLE DOSE preparation is administered by means of a DEVICE suitable for measuring the quantity prescribed
False (multidose)
each dose is enclosed in an INDIVIDUAL container
such as a SACHET or VIAL
single dose granules
if the preparation contains ___________ ingredients or the contents have to be protected, they should be stored in _______________________
volatile; airtight container
granules categories
- effervescent granules
- coated granules
- gastro-resistant granules
- modified-release granules
uncoated granules generally containing acid substances and CARBONATES or HYDROGEN CARBONATES
effervescent granules
react RAPIDLY in the presence of WATER and RELEASE CO2
effervescent granules
The effervescence and subsequent disintegration of the granules should be complete within ______________ at which time the granule ingredients should be either ______________________ in the water
5 minutes; dissolved or dispersed
storage of prepped effervescent granules
airtight container
consists of granules COATED with one or more layers of mixtures of various EXCIPIENTS
coated granules
The substances used as coatings, generally__________ are usually applied as _______________________ in conditions in which EVAPORATION of the vehicle LEAVES A FILM OF COATING
polymers; solution or suspension
enteric coated granules
gastro-resistant granules
gastro-resistant granules are __________________ intended to resist the gastric fluid to
release the active substances in the intestine fluid
delayed release granules
gastro-resistant granules are generally achieved by covering the granules with ______________________
a gastro-resistant polymer
Coated or uncoated granules that contains SPECIAL EXCIPIENTS
prepared by special procedures are both designed to MODIFY the rate, the place or the time at which the active substance/s are released
modified-release granules
modified-release granules may have __________________ or ______________________ properties
prolonged-release or delayed-release
Pharmaceutical process which attempts to convert powdered materials into aggregates called granules
granulation
Ways of Granulations
- Granulating machine/Granulator
- Wet granulation
- Fluid Bed Granulation
T/F: Granules FLOW BETTER than powders
True
Granules _______________ compressibility
increase
Granules have _______________ than a comparable volume of powders
smaller surface area
smaller surface area makes granules more stable ________________________ than the corresponding powders
physically and chemically
Granules are __________________ by a solvent than are certain powders, so that granules are also _____________ in making solutions
more easily wetted; preferred
Granules produce _____________________, thus content uniformity
particle-size uniformity
Allows granulation with or without moisture
Granulating machine/Granulator
Employed in large scale manufacturing
Granulating machine/Granulator
granules are formed by compacting large masses of the powder mixture and subsequently crushing into pieces
dry granulation
The dry granulation method requires the drug or the diluent to
have ______________________ for the large masses to be formed
cohesive properties
The powder is ______________ or compressed into large flat tablets or
pellets of about ____________ (3/4 inch or larger) in diameter
“slugged”; 1 inch
Involves wetting powder mixture, sieving & drying in preparation of
granules
wet granulation
during wet granulation, a ________________ or an ____________ is first added to the powder mixture
liquid binder or an adhesive
A granulating solution is sprayed onto the suspended particles that
are then dried rapidly in the suspending air
fluid bed granulation
Benzyl penicillin
Pen G
Phenoxymethyl
Pen V
modified penicillin having C6H5OCH2 as radical
Pen V
relatively stable in the presence of gastric acidity, soluble in
duodenal fluids and orally effective without buffer
Pen V
pharmacologic category of Phenoxymethyl Penicillin Potassium (Granules for Oral Suspension)
antibacterial
Anti-infective derived from natural source
antibacterial
Provides faster and higher blood level than phenoxymethyl penicillin
Oral Pen V. Potassium
T/F: Phenoxymethyl Penicillin Potassium must be manufactured in a separate area from non-
penicillin
True
why must Phenoxymethyl Penicillin Potassium be manufactured in a separate area
- To prevent contamination
- May be hazardous to personnel who are hypersensitive to penicillin
