ORS Powder Flashcards
mixture of finely divided drugs and/ or chemicals in a dry form
powders
may be used to describe the PHYSICAL FORM of a material that is DRY SUBSTANCE composed of FINELY DIVIDED powders
powders
may use to describe a type of pharmaceutical
powders
intended for internal or external use
medicated powder
Powders are available in ______________ or ______________ form
crystalline or amorphous
Powders were found to be a _________________ mode of administering drugs derived from _________ origin
convenient; plant
Most active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients occur in the solid state as _______________________ or ___________ of various morphologic structures
amorphous powders or crystals
a solid dosage form composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to
affinely divided state and intended for internal or external use
powders
classification of powders according to PARTICLE SIZE
- very coarse
- coarse
- moderately coarse
- fine
- very fine
classification of powders according to USE or manner of ADMINISTRATION
- internal
- external
classification of powders according to manner of DISPENSING
- bulk
- divided
particle size of pharmaceutical powders and granules may range from _________________ in diameter to extremely fine, approaching colloidal dimensions of 1 micrometer or less
10 mm or 1 cm
all particles pass through a #8 sieve and NMT 20% pass through a #60 sieve
very coarse
all particles pass through a #20 sieve and NMT 40% pass through a #60 sieve
coarse
all particles pass through a #40 sieve and NMT 40% pass through a #80 sieve
moderately coarse
all particles pass through a #60 sieve and NMT 40% pass through a #100 sieve
fine
all particles pass through a #80 sieve. There is no limit
to greater fineness
very fine
can be taken orally like ORS and administered through the nose as snaps or blown into a body cavity as insufflations
internal powders
dusting powders: medical or surgical
external powders
for superficial skin conditions in which shall not be used on open
wounds or broken skin
medical powders
sterile and used inside the body cavities
surgical powders
locally applied nontoxic preparations with no systemic effect
dusting powders (topical bulk powders)
applied as lubricant, protective, absorbent, antiseptic, antipruritic, astringent, antiperspirant
dusting powders (topical bulk powders)
used to clean teeth and polish teeth
dentrifices
dissolved in water and used as
antiseptic or cleansing agent of the body cavity
douche powders
also known as undivided powders
bulk powders
dusting powders, effervescent antacids, laxatives, dietary nutrients,
and supplements
bulk powders
examples are drug packets, sachet, capsules
divided powders
usually folded in paper dispensed in metal foil, small sealed or reusable plastic valve or container
divided powders
requirements in powder manuf
- homogenous blending
- reduction into a more advantageous particle size
blending techniques
- spatulation
- trituration
- geometric dilution
- sifting method
- tumbling
blending of SMALL AMOUNT of powder by movement of a pharmaceutical spatula through them on a sheet of paper or ointment tile
spatulation
mixture that MELTS AT LOWER TEMPERATURE than any other ingredients when enclosed and prolonged contact with one
another
eutectic mixture
not suitable for large quantities of powder and not recommended for
powders containing potent substances
spatulation
provides INTIMATE blending of powders
trituration
types of mortar used in trituration
Porcelain, Wedgewood, or glass
ROUGH inner surface is preferred than a glass mortar with a smooth working surface
porcelain or ceramic mortar
preferred for CHEMICAL THAT STAINS that stains porcelain or ceramic surface as well as for simple admixture of substance without special need for comminution
glass mortar
CLEANS READILY after use and trituration is not recommended
for eutectic mixtures
glass mortar
for MIXING POTENT SUBSTANCES with a large amount of diluent
geometric dilution
placed on APPROX EQUAL VOLUME or amount of diluent in a mortar and mixed by trituration
potent drug
recommended or indicated on instances in which the potent and non-potent substance are of the same color and visible sign of thorough mixing is lacking
geometric dilution
SIMPLEST and probably most COMMONLY used method for mixing powders or particle size determination
sifting method
powders are mixed by passing them through sifters like the type used in the kitchen to sift flour
sifting method
Sifting results in a ____________________________
light, fluffy product
not acceptable for incorporating potent drugs into a diluent
base
sifting method
tumbling the powder in a rotating
chamber
tumbling
mixing powder in a large enclosed container, ROTATED by a
motorized process
tumbling
V-blended and twin shell blender
tumbling instruments
study of small particles
micromeritics
T/F: It is very important to study particles because MOST drug dosage forms are SOLIDS
True
Solids are not ___________ systems
static
REDUCING particle size with a FINER state of subdivision
comminution
Considerations in Comminution and Blending of powders
- quantity
- equipment available
particle size determination
- sieving
- coulter counter
- microscopic analysis
- sedimentation rate
- light scattering
- laser diffraction analyzer
- laser halography
good source of Sodium,
Potassium and chloride
sodium chloride and potassium chloride
helps correct the
subsequent metabolic
acidosis caused by diarrhea
and dehydration
sodium bicarbonate
glucose transport is
coupled with sodium
absorption
anhydrous glucose
Electrolytes should be expressed in ______
mEq
side effects of ORS
nausea and vomiting
