Phenomenology

Question 1

What is projection?

Answer 1

Emotionally unacceptable in self is unconsciously rejected and projected to others e.g. Dad who is stressed blames his son being stressed instead

Question 2

What are 3 types of Psychosis?

Answer 2

1) Depressive psychosis
2) Manic psychosis
3) Organic psychosis

Question 3

Define psychopathology

Answer 3

Study of abnormal experience, cognition and behaviour

Question 4

What are the 2 essential parts of psychopathology?

Answer 4

1) Observation of behaviour
2) Empathic assessment of subjective experience

Question 5

What are concrete and defined concepts?

Answer 5

C: Real objects/situations e.g. tremor –> System: Sets of related concepts
D: Classes of concept e.g. delusions

Question 6

What are examples of perceptual symptoms?

Answer 6

1) Illusion 2) Hallucinations 3) Pseudo-Hallucinations 4) Delusions 5) overvalued ideas

Question 7

What is illusion?

Answer 7

Misperception of real external stimuli

Question 8

What is a hallucination?

Answer 8

perceptions occurring in absence of an external physical stimulus. either auditory, visual or olfactory

Question 9

What is a pseudo-hallucination?

Answer 9

Hallucination from inner subjective space of mind, NOT external sensory organs

Question 10

Define an over-valued idea

Answer 10

False/exaggerated belief sustained beyond logic or reason

Question 11

Define delusion

Answer 11

False, unshakable idea which is out of keeping with pt’s background (educational, social and cultural) –> held with extraordinary conviction and certainty

Question 12

What are examples of different types of delusion?

Answer 12

1) Persecutory
2) Grandiose
3) Self-referential
4) Nihilistic
5) Misidentification
6) Religious
7) Hypochondriacal

Question 13

What 2 specific types of delusion?

Answer 13

1) capgras: Idea someone has been replaced by an impostor
2) Fregoli: Idea that various people are all the same person

Question 14

What are 5 thought patterns described?

Answer 14

1) Thought insertion
2) Thought withdrawal
3) Thought broadcast
4) Thought echo
5) Thought block

Question 15

What are concrete thinking and loosening of association?

Answer 15

CT: lack of abstract thinking due to organic disease/schizophrenia
LoA: Lack of logical association between succeeding thoughts –> Incoherent speech (impossible to follow pt’s train of thoughts)

Question 16

Define the following conversation definitions

Answer 16

Circumstantiality: Irrelevant wandering in conversation
Perseveration: repetition of word, theme or action
Confabulation: Giving false account to fill a gap in memory
Somatic passivity: Delusional belief that one is a passive recipient of bodily sensations from an external agency
Catatonia: Excited/inhibited motor activity in absence of a mood disorder/neuro disease

Question 17

What is psychomotor retardation and in what conditions would it be present?

Answer 17

D: Slowing of thoughts and movements
Cond: Depression, parkinson’s disease

Question 18

Define the affect definitions

Answer 18

Incongruity: Emotional responses out of proportion with situation/subject being discussed
Blunting: Absence of normal emotional responses

Question 19

What is depersonalisation and derealisation and dissociation?

Answer 19

DP: Feeling of detachment from one’s own body (Spectator of own activities)
DR: Sense of one’s surroundings lacking reality –> Dull, grey and lifeless
DS: Person is disconnected from own self and surroundings

Question 20

Define the following psychiatric signs:

Answer 20

Akathisia: Motor restlessness: anxiety –> inability to lie/sit still
Compulsion: Repetitive, purposeful behaviour accompanied by subjective sense that must be carried out despite recognition of senselessness/resistance
Obsession: Recurrent persistent thought, image or impulse –> Remains despite efforts to resist