Phenols Flashcards

1
Q

properties of phenols

A

crystalline solid
melting point of 43 degrees
airly soluble in water, forming a weak acid solution called carbonic acid
obtained from CoalTar

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2
Q

acidic property of phenol

A

2 lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen (one is a 2p orbital which becomes partially delocalized around the ring)

the oxyen will exert a stronger pull on the bonding pair of the OH bond
results in: the OH bond becoming weaker, the H atom becoming more positive
the C-O bond becoming stronger

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3
Q

how do deactivating groups increase the acidity of phenol?

A

they pull the electrons away from the ring which results in electrons from the oxygen drifting more into the ring and away from the hydrogen
this will weaken to OH bond, making the compound a stronger acid

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4
Q

which reactions involve the breaking of the OH bonds

A
  1. Reaction with NaOH
  2. Esterification
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5
Q

what happens when Na is added to a solution of phenol?

A

Na atoms replace the hydrogen of the OH group and H2 is evolved

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6
Q

reaction with NaOH

A

phenol reacts readily with NaOH, forming sodium phenoxide and water

reactions with other organic compounds are performed by dissolving them in NaOH first

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7
Q

esterification of phenols

A

reacting phenol with the acyl chloride

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8
Q

reactions involving the breaking of the C-OH bond

A

there are no reactions in which the C-OH bond is broken, meanin that the C-OH bond is partially double bonded

no reaction with SOCl2 or POCl5

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9
Q

reactions involving the ring (reaction with bromine)

A

when phenol is added to aqueous bromine, a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromophenol is formed

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10
Q

what happens during the reaction with Bromine?

A

slight effervescence due to HBr gas formed
white precipitate is formed
reddish brown colour of the bromine will disappear

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11
Q

test for phenols

A

add a few drops of FeCl3 solution to phenol and a violet colour will appear

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12
Q

uses of phenols

A

manufacture of carbonic soap
manufacture of aspirin
manufacture of dyes
manufacture of bakelite

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