Amines and Amino Acids

Question 1

where are the amine bases derived from

Answer 1

NH3

Question 2

general formula of primary amines

Answer 2

RNH2

Question 3

what is the formula of the secondary amines

Answer 3

R2NH

Question 4

what is the formula of the tertiary amines

Answer 4

R3N

Question 5

general formula of primary amines

Answer 5

CnH2n+1NH2

Question 6

properties of primary amines

Answer 6

1. Methyl and ethyl amines are gases. The other simpler amines are liquids
2. They have a fishlike scent
3. The simpler amines are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding

Question 7

how are amines prepared using ammonia

Answer 7

the alkyl halide is mixed with concentrated NH3 in a tube and then it is sealed and heated to 100 deg C

this method usually produces a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium compound

Question 8

how are amines prepared using nitriles

Answer 8

the primary amines can be prepared by the reduction of nitriles where it is dissolved in ethanol and Na metal is then added

Question 9

what happens when amines are added to water

Answer 9

they undergo partial dissociation to produce small amounts of OH-

Question 10

what is the positive inductive effect

Answer 10

they push electrons away from themselves
as a result, the lone pair of electrons on the N becomes more available to bond with H+
hence ethylamine is a stronger base than NH3

Question 11

what happens with positive inductive effect when amine is added to water

Answer 11

the positively charged ion is formed
due to the electron donating property of the alkyl group the positive charge is parially reduced, making the ion more stable
the more stable the ion, the more readily it forms together with OH2- ions

Question 12

general formula of amino acids

Answer 12

H
|
H2N – C – COOH
|
R

Question 13

properties of amino acids

Answer 13

1. Many more measurements are required in order to construct
2. Organisms have to be tracked over a long period of time
3. It is a destructive method
4. It is still difficult to assign organisms to trophic levels

Question 14

how is a dipolar ion/ zwitterion formed?

Answer 14

Due to the closeness of the COOH group and NH2 group, an internal acid base takes place where the hydrogen of the acid group bonds to the lone pair on the NH2 group

Question 15

how do amino acids exist as dipolar ions?

Answer 15

in the solid state
they are dissolved in water (pH 7)