Phenolic Compounds (Final)

Question 1

What is a secondary metabolite?

Answer 1

Not used in primary survival fxns of reprod. or fuel

Protection from predators, environment and attraction of pollinators

Question 2

Simple phenolic

Answer 2

Benzene (aromatic) ring with hydroxyl (OH) group

Anti-CA, anti-inflamm, anti-ox

Question 3

Tannins

Answer 3

Hydrolyzeable (acids) or condensed (big molecules)

Astringent

Question 4

Coumarins and furanocoumarins

Answer 4

Phenolic volatiles
Furanos have a furan ring (pentacyclic) and are photosensitizing
CYP inhibitors
In essential oils

Question 5

Anthraquinones

Answer 5

Polyphenolic rings with opposing oxygens

Laxative

Question 6

Flavonoids

Answer 6

Colorful
Three aromatic rings (3-ring circus)
O heterocycle attached to phenolic rings on either side
Cooling, anti-inflamm

Question 7

Flavones

Answer 7

Ketone group on 4 carbon

Question 8

Flavanol

Answer 8

Ketone group on 4 carbon

OH on 3 carbon

Question 9

Isoflavones

Answer 9

Phytoestrogens

Question 10

Stilbenes

Answer 10

Chromophore

Anti-oxidant

Question 11

What’s the difference between a flavone and an anthocyanidin?

Answer 11

Anthocyanidins carry a charge, so their color changes depending on the pH (sap pigments)

Question 12

Proanthocyanidins

Answer 12

Condensed tannins
Not readily hydrolyzed
No sugar moiety

Question 13

Anthocyanins

Answer 13

Anthocyanidin + sugar

Mildly astringent

Question 14

Lignans

Answer 14

Acts on hormones (removes excess)

Phytoestrogens

Question 15

Curcumin

Answer 15

Double phenolic rings joined end to end with diketone in middle

Question 16

Rosamarinic acid

Answer 16

Double ketone around central O

Anxiolytic

Question 17

Glycoside

Answer 17

Phenolic compound + sugar moiety

Question 18

Glycone

Answer 18

Sugar moiety part of glycoside

Question 19

Aglycone

Answer 19

Phenolic ring part of glycoside

Question 20

Why do phenolic compounds have anti-ox properties?

Answer 20

Resonant stabilization of free radicals